- International families
- 2,1762015 to 2024
- Leading country
- United States2.0× the next
- All families
- 12khome filings included
- Over five years
- Falling2020 to 2024 against the five before
Year by year
Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.
Volume
International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.
Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google
Share by country
Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.
Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google
Country leaderboard
International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.
Ten largest
United States
South Korea
France
Japan
China
Germany
Russia
Canada
United Kingdom
Australia
589
294
275
227
207
146
84
47
34
27
| 2000 to 2025 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | United States | 589 | 27.1% | 1.0× | 854 | |
| 2 | South Korea | 294 | 13.5% | 1.3× | 1,573 | |
| 3 | France | 275 | 12.6% | 1.1× | 360 | |
| 4 | Japan | 227 | 10.4% | 0.4× | 2,071 | |
| 5 | China | 207 | 9.5% | 1.5× | 5,639 | |
| 6 | Germany | 146 | 6.7% | 0.5× | 214 | |
| 7 | Russia | 84 | 3.9% | 0.4× | 472 | |
| 8 | Canada | 47 | 2.2% | 1.5× | 61 | |
| 9 | United Kingdom | 34 | 1.6% | 1.0× | 55 | |
| 10 | Australia | 27 | 1.2% | 0.6× | 36 | |
| 11 | Italy | 25 | 1.1% | 3.2× | 32 | |
| 12 | Belgium | 22 | 1.0% | 1.2× | 22 | |
| 13 | Spain | 20 | 0.9% | 1.2× | 26 | |
| 14 | Türkiye | 18 | 0.8% | 17× | 25 | |
| 15 | Taiwan | 16 | 0.7% | 0.8× | 59 | |
| 16 | Sweden | 16 | 0.7% | 0.5× | 18 | |
| 17 | Finland | 13 | 0.6% | 0.9× | 14 | |
| 18 | Switzerland | 12 | 0.6% | 0.7× | 14 | |
| 19 | Netherlands | 11 | 0.5% | 0.4× | 11 | |
| 20 | Czechia | 11 | 0.5% | 0.4× | 29 | |
| 21 | India | 10 | 0.5% | 2.3× | 16 | |
| 22 | Austria | 8 | 0.4% | 1.0× | 8 | |
| 23 | Israel | 6 | 0.3% | 1.0× | 6 | |
| 24 | Denmark | 6 | 0.3% | – | 6 | |
| 25 | Singapore | 5 | 0.2% | 0.7× | 5 | |
| 26 | Norway | 5 | 0.2% | 0.7× | 5 | |
| 27 | Brazil | 4 | 0.2% | 3.0× | 11 | |
| 28 | Poland | 3 | 0.1% | 0.5× | 17 | |
| 29 | New Zealand | 3 | 0.1% | 0.5× | 4 | |
| 30 | Ireland | 2 | 0.1% | – | 2 | |
| 31 | Hungary | 2 | 0.1% | 0.0× | 7 | |
| 32 | South Africa | 1 | 0.0% | 0.0× | 1 | |
| 33 | Saudi Arabia | 1 | 0.0% | 0.0× | 4 | |
| 34 | Portugal | 1 | 0.0% | 0.0× | 1 | |
| 35 | Mexico | 0 | 0.0% | – | 2 | |
| 36 | Malaysia | 0 | 0.0% | – | 2 |
Applicants
The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Nuclear Fuel Cycle & Radioactive Waste. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.
Global
2,176 international families
COMMISSARIAT ENERGIE ATOMIQUE · France
KOREA HYDRO & NUCLEAR POWER CO · South Korea
KOREA ATOMIC ENERGY RES · South Korea
WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CO LLC · United States
CHINA GENERAL NUCLEAR POWER · China
CGN POWER CO LTD · China
92
67
59
50
35
33
United States
589 international families
WESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC CO LLC
HOLTEC INTERNATIONAL
TERRAPOWER LLC
DEEP ISOLATION INC
SHINE TECHNOLOGIES LLC
BWXT ADVANCED TECH LLC
50
32
23
22
15
13
South Korea
294 international families
KOREA HYDRO & NUCLEAR POWER CO
KOREA ATOMIC ENERGY RES
KEPCO NUCLEAR FUEL CO LTD
KOREA RADIOACTIVE WASTE AGENCY
KOREA HYDRO NUCLEAR POWER CO LTD
KOREA ATOMIC ENERGY RESEARCH INST
67
58
27
18
8
5
France
275 international families
COMMISSARIAT ENERGIE ATOMIQUE
CENTRE NAT RECH SCIENT
FRAMATOME SA
ORANO NUCLEAR PACKAGES AND SERVICES
TN INT
ORANO CYCLE
92
25
25
25
23
20
Japan
227 international families
HITACHI GE NUCLEAR ENERGY LTD
EBARA CORP
NIPPON CHEMICAL IND
TOSHIBA KK
HITACHI LTD
MITSUBISHI HEAVY IND LTD
27
13
11
11
10
10
China
207 international families
CHINA GENERAL NUCLEAR POWER
CGN POWER CO LTD
CHINA NUCLEAR POWER TECHNOLOGY RES INST CO LTD
UNIV TSINGHUA
CHINA NUCLEAR POWER ENG CO LTD
CHINA NUCLEAR POWER INST CO LTD
35
33
25
22
19
18
Similar capabilities
The nine capabilities that share the most international patent families with Nuclear Fuel Cycle & Radioactive Waste, 2015 to 2024: the families counted in both as a share of those counted in either. Each card shows its five largest countries.
Critical Technology
Advanced Nuclear & Fusion
31.7% shared · 1,775 families in both
United States
China
South Korea
Japan
France
1,350
770
623
609
519
National Security
Stockpile Stewardship & Sustainment
16.7% shared · 364 families in both
United States
Japan
France
China
Germany
118
62
39
27
23
Strategic Infrastructure
Nuclear Generation
13.6% shared · 753 families in both
China
United States
South Korea
Japan
France
973
912
510
459
398
Critical Technology
Nuclear Medicine & Radioisotope Technologies
1.4% shared · 200 families in both
United States
China
Japan
Germany
South Korea
4,153
2,013
1,410
792
720
Trade & Investment
Strategic Supply Security
1.1% shared · 122 families in both
Japan
China
United States
South Korea
Germany
2,305
1,800
1,307
1,130
383
Strategic Infrastructure
Processing & Refining
1.0% shared · 279 families in both
United States
China
Japan
Germany
France
5,663
3,476
2,794
1,548
1,459
Strategic Infrastructure
Research & Scientific Facilities
0.9% shared · 49 families in both
United States
Japan
Germany
China
United Kingdom
964
589
405
369
209
Strategic Infrastructure
Water Supply & Treatment
0.8% shared · 219 families in both
United States
China
Japan
South Korea
Germany
5,013
4,301
3,866
1,986
1,665
Strategic Infrastructure
Wastewater & Sanitation
0.8% shared · 234 families in both
United States
China
Japan
South Korea
Germany
5,326
5,281
4,432
2,243
2,077
Crosswalk
How Nuclear Fuel Cycle & Radioactive Waste is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 127 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.
| Entry | Title in the scheme | Why it is chosen | CPC codes | IPC codes | Documents |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| B01D59/00 | Separation of different isotopes of the same chemical element | Isotope separation, including uranium enrichment | 27 | 29 | 22,573 |
| C01G43/00 | Compounds of uranium | Uranium compounds, including conversion products | 12 | 8 | 10,570 |
| C22B60/02 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides | Extraction of uranium, thorium and other actinides | 24 | 2 | 14,412 |
| G21C21/02 | Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings | Manufacture of reactor fuel elements | 8 | 8 | 7,811 |
| G21C19/42 | Reprocessing of irradiated fuel | Reprocessing of irradiated nuclear fuel | 5 | 5 | 9,264 |
| G21F5/00 | Transportable or portable shielded containers | Shielded casks for transport and storage of radioactive material | 16 | 14 | 33,459 |
| G21F9/00 | Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor | Treatment and disposal of radioactive waste | 35 | 19 | 117,141 |
CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.
The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Nuclear Fuel Cycle & Radioactive Waste: 127 codes on 137,647 documents. The full crosswalk is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.
| Code | Title | Under entry | How placed | Documents |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| G21F9/12 | Processing by absorption; by adsorption; by ion-exchange | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 6,848 |
| G21C21/02 | Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings | G21C21/02 | In the scheme | 5,010 |
| G21F9/30 | Processing | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 4,875 |
| G21F9/02 | Treating gases | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 4,645 |
| G21F9/06 | Processing | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 4,467 |
| G21F5/12 | Closures for containers; Sealing arrangements | G21F5/00 | In the scheme | 3,930 |
| G21F9/28 | Treating solids | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 3,650 |
| G21F9/34 | Disposal of solid waste | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 3,641 |
| G21C19/46 | Aqueous processes, e.g. by using organic extraction means, including the regeneration of these means | G21C19/42 | In the scheme | 3,121 |
| G21F9/36 | Disposal of solid waste by packaging; by baling | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 3,093 |
| G21F5/008 | Containers for fuel elements | G21F5/00 | In the scheme | 2,970 |
| G21F5/005 | Containers for solid radioactive wastes, e.g. for ultimate disposal | G21F5/00 | In the scheme | 2,933 |
| G21F5/015 | Transportable or portable shielded containers for storing radioactive sources, e.g. source carriers for irradiation units; Radioisotope containers | G21F5/00 | In the scheme | 2,874 |
| C22B60/026 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries liquid-liquid extraction with or without dissolution in organic solvents | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 2,592 |
| G21F5/14 | Devices for handling containers or shipping-casks, e.g. transporting devices loading and unloading, filling of containers | G21F5/00 | In the scheme | 2,587 |
| G21F5/06 | Details of, or accessories to, the containers | G21F5/00 | In the scheme | 2,497 |
| C01G43/025 | Uranium dioxide | C01G43/00 | In the scheme | 2,298 |
| G21F5/10 | Heat-removal systems, e.g. using circulating fluid or cooling fins | G21F5/00 | In the scheme | 2,262 |
| G21F9/305 | Glass or glass like matrix | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 1,989 |
| B01D59/34 | Separation by photochemical methods | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 1,934 |
| C01G43/00 | Compounds of uranium | C01G43/00 | In the scheme | 1,877 |
| G21F9/00 | Treating radioactively contaminated material; Decontamination arrangements therefor | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 1,821 |
| G21F9/004 | Decontamination of the surface of objects with chemical or electrochemical processes of metallic surfaces | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 1,803 |
| G21F9/04 | Treating liquids | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 1,789 |
| G21F9/08 | Processing by evaporation; by distillation | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 1,766 |
| G21F5/00 | Transportable or portable shielded containers | G21F5/00 | In the scheme | 1,751 |
| G21F9/001 | Decontamination of contaminated objects, apparatus, clothes, food; Preventing contamination thereof | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 1,673 |
| C01G43/01 | Oxides; Hydroxides | C01G43/00 | In the scheme | 1,654 |
| G21F9/32 | Processing by incineration | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 1,577 |
| G21C19/48 | Non-aqueous processes | G21C19/42 | In the scheme | 1,573 |
| C22B60/0265 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries extraction by solid resins | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 1,393 |
| G21F9/008 | Apparatus specially adapted for mixing or disposing radioactively contamined material | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 1,350 |
| G21F5/012 | Fuel element racks in the containers | G21F5/00 | In the scheme | 1,328 |
| G21F5/08 | Shock-absorbers, e.g. impact buffers for containers | G21F5/00 | In the scheme | 1,241 |
| G21F9/16 | Processing by fixation in stable solid media | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 1,240 |
| G21F9/14 | Processing by incineration; by calcination, e.g. desiccation | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 1,233 |
| G21F9/304 | Cement or cement-like matrix | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 1,164 |
| G21F9/002 | Decontamination of the surface of objects with chemical or electrochemical processes | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 1,162 |
| G21F9/125 | Processing by absorption; by adsorption; by ion-exchange by solvent extraction | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 1,105 |
| G21F9/10 | Processing by flocculation | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 1,101 |
| C22B60/0291 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining thorium | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 1,021 |
| G21F9/302 | Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 1,018 |
| G21F9/165 | Cement or cement-like matrix | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 1,013 |
| G21F9/007 | Recovery of isotopes from radioactive waste, e.g. fission products | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 1,006 |
| C22B60/04 | Obtaining plutonium | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 997 |
| C22B60/0278 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries by chemical methods | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 989 |
| B01D59/44 | Separation by mass spectrography | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 969 |
| G21F5/02 | Transportable or portable shielded containers with provision for restricted exposure of a radiation source within the container | G21F5/00 | In the scheme | 934 |
| G21F9/22 | Disposal of liquid waste by storage in a tank or other container | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 927 |
| C22B60/02 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 919 |
| B01D59/26 | Separation by extracting by sorption, i.e. absorption, adsorption, persorption | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 914 |
| C22B60/0213 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by dry processes | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 908 |
| C01G43/06 | Fluorides | C01G43/00 | In the scheme | 891 |
| G21F9/162 | Processing by fixation in stable solid media in an inorganic matrix, e.g. clays, zeolites | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 888 |
| G21F9/307 | Processing by fixation in stable solid media in polymeric matrix, e.g. resins, tars | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 888 |
| B01D59/50 | Separation involving two or more processes covered by different groups selected from groups B01D59/02, B01D59/10, B01D59/20, B01D59/22, B01D59/28, B01D59/34, B01D59/36, B01D59/38, B01D59/44 | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 856 |
| B01D59/32 | Separation by chemical exchange by exchange between fluids | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 808 |
| G21F9/005 | Decontamination of the surface of objects by ablation | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 795 |
| G21C19/44 | Reprocessing of irradiated fuel of irradiated solid fuel | G21C19/42 | In the scheme | 736 |
| G21F5/002 | Containers for fluid radioactive wastes | G21F5/00 | In the scheme | 726 |
| C22B60/0295 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining other actinides except plutonium | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 711 |
| G21F9/167 | Processing by fixation in stable solid media in polymeric matrix, e.g. resins, tars | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 707 |
| B01D59/30 | Separation by chemical exchange by ion exchange | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 702 |
| G21F9/20 | Disposal of liquid waste | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 693 |
| G21F9/308 | Processing by melting the waste | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 682 |
| G21C19/42 | Reprocessing of irradiated fuel | G21C19/42 | In the scheme | 676 |
| B01D59/04 | Separation by phase transition by distillation | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 672 |
| G21F5/018 | Syringe shields or holders | G21F5/00 | In the scheme | 666 |
| G21F9/24 | Disposal of liquid waste by storage in the ground; by storage under water, e.g. in ocean | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 663 |
| C22B60/0234 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes by leaching using acidic solutions or liquors sulfurated ion as active agent | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 622 |
| B01D59/18 | Separation by diffusion by separation jets | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 605 |
| B01D59/20 | Separation by centrifuging | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 593 |
| B01D59/00 | Separation of different isotopes of the same chemical element | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 566 |
| G21C21/10 | Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings by extrusion, drawing, or stretching by rolling, e.g. "picture frame" technique | G21C21/02 | In the scheme | 552 |
| C22B60/0247 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes by leaching using basic solutions or liquors | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 516 |
| C22B60/0208 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium preliminary treatment of ores or scrap | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 509 |
| C22B60/0252 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 499 |
| C22B60/0239 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes by leaching using acidic solutions or liquors nitric acid containing ion as active agent | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 457 |
| G21F9/18 | Processing by biological processes | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 442 |
| G21F9/301 | Processing by fixation in stable solid media | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 436 |
| C01G43/066 | Preparation | C01G43/00 | In the scheme | 433 |
| C22B60/0226 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes by leaching using acidic solutions or liquors | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 427 |
| B01D59/12 | Separation by diffusion by diffusion through barriers | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 411 |
| B01D59/48 | Separation by mass spectrography using electrostatic and magnetic fields | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 409 |
| G21C21/04 | Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings by vibrational compaction or tamping of fuel in the jacket | G21C21/02 | In the scheme | 408 |
| B01D59/14 | Construction of the barrier | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 369 |
| C22B60/0282 | Solutions containing P ions, e.g. treatment of solutions resulting from the leaching of phosphate ores or recovery of uranium from wet-process phosphoric acid | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 348 |
| G21C19/50 | Reprocessing of irradiated fuel of irradiated fluid fuel, e.g. regeneration of fuels while the reactor is in operation | G21C19/42 | In the scheme | 338 |
| C22B60/0221 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes by leaching | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 331 |
| G21F5/04 | Means for controlling exposure, e.g. time, size of aperture | G21F5/00 | In the scheme | 330 |
| C01G43/063 | Hexafluoride (UF6) | C01G43/00 | In the scheme | 319 |
| B01D59/40 | Separation by electrochemical methods by electrolysis | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 297 |
| C01G43/003 | Preparation involving a liquid-liquid extraction, an adsorption or an ion-exchange | C01G43/00 | In the scheme | 289 |
| B01D59/28 | Separation by chemical exchange | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 286 |
| G21C21/16 | Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings by casting or dipping techniques | G21C21/02 | In the scheme | 283 |
| C01G43/006 | Compounds containing uranium, with or without oxygen or hydrogen, and containing two or more other elements | C01G43/00 | In the scheme | 277 |
| B01D59/42 | Separation by electrochemical methods by electromigration; by electrophoresis | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 245 |
| C22B60/0286 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium refining, melting, remelting, working up uranium | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 244 |
| G21C21/08 | Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings by a slip-fit cladding process by crimping the jacket around the fuel | G21C21/02 | In the scheme | 237 |
| B01D59/10 | Separation by diffusion | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 235 |
| B01D59/38 | Separation by electrochemical methods | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 229 |
| G21F5/065 | Containers provided with a rotatable drum | G21F5/00 | In the scheme | 206 |
| B01D59/02 | Separation by phase transition | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 203 |
| G21C21/14 | Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings by plating the fuel in a fluid | G21C21/02 | In the scheme | 200 |
| B01D59/24 | Separation by extracting by solvent extraction | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 195 |
| B01D59/22 | Separation by extracting | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 191 |
| C22B60/0204 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 191 |
| C22B60/023 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes by leaching using acidic solutions or liquors halogenated ion as active agent | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 185 |
| C22B60/0243 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes by leaching using acidic solutions or liquors phosphorated ion as active agent | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 164 |
| C01G43/08 | Chlorides | C01G43/00 | In the scheme | 163 |
| G21C21/12 | Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings by hydrostatic or thermo-pneumatic canning in general by pressing without lengthening, e.g. explosive coating | G21C21/02 | In the scheme | 159 |
| G21F5/125 | Means to monitor or detect the leak-tightness of the closure | G21F5/00 | In the scheme | 140 |
| B01D59/08 | Separation by phase transition by fractional crystallisation, by precipitation, by zone freezing | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 129 |
| C22B60/0273 | Extraction by titanium containing adsorbents, e.g. by hydrous titanium oxide | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 125 |
| C22B60/0217 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 118 |
| C22B60/0256 | Obtaining thorium, uranium, or other actinides obtaining uranium by wet processes treatment or purification of solutions or of liquors or of slurries using biological agents, e.g. microorganisms or algae | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 117 |
| B01D59/16 | Separation by diffusion by thermal diffusion | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 84 |
| B01D59/46 | Separation by mass spectrography using only electrostatic fields | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 72 |
| B01D59/33 | Separation by chemical exchange by exchange between fluids involving dual temperature exchange | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 57 |
| G21C21/06 | Manufacture of fuel elements or breeder elements contained in non-active casings by rotatable swaging of the jacket around the fuel | G21C21/02 | In the scheme | 55 |
| G21F9/26 | Disposal of liquid waste by dilution in water, e.g. in ocean, in stream | G21F9/00 | In the scheme | 40 |
| B01D59/36 | Separation by biological methods | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 39 |
| C01G43/04 | Halides of uranium | C01G43/00 | In the scheme | 33 |
| C22B60/0269 | Extraction by activated carbon containing adsorbents | C22B60/02 | In the scheme | 29 |
| C01G43/10 | Bromides | C01G43/00 | In the scheme | 8 |
| B01D59/06 | Separation by phase transition by fractional melting; by zone melting | B01D59/00 | In the scheme | 7 |
| C01G43/12 | Iodides | C01G43/00 | In the scheme | 3 |