- Capabilities matched
- 187of 288
- Matched directly
- 91the classification names it
- Through their tools
- 96it names what they draw on
- Entries chosen
- 1,091each with all beneath it
What the classifications reach, and how well
Patent classifications describe inventions. Where a capability is itself a technology or a kind of infrastructure, the match is direct. Elsewhere a classification can only name the tools a capability draws on. Capabilities about institutions, people or relationships have no entry and are left unmatched. A group is marked by the best match among its capabilities. How the two schemes are joined is set out under Methodology.
Hard Power
Critical Technology
47 of 47 capabilities matched
Hard Power
Strategic Infrastructure
61 of 62 capabilities matched
Hard Power
National Security
30 of 39 capabilities matched
Soft Power
Human Capital
13 of 25 capabilities matched
Soft Power
Information & Influence
5 of 18 capabilities matched
Soft Power
Governance & Integrity
9 of 28 capabilities matched
Economic Power
Financial Strength
8 of 24 capabilities matched
Economic Power
Production & Innovation
8 of 23 capabilities matched
Economic Power
Trade & Investment
6 of 22 capabilities matched
Every capability
International patent families, 2015 to 2024, in each capability the crosswalk reaches, domain by domain and group by group. Each domain switches between its capabilities and the countries with the most families. Select a capability or a country for its page. The crosswalk itself, capability by capability, is set out under Methodology.
Hard Power
Critical Technology
47 of 47 capabilities matched
Advanced Materials & Manufacturing
Direct7 of 7 capabilities matched · Japan leads
Energy Technologies
Direct5 of 5 capabilities matched · Japan leads
Semiconductors & Advanced Computing
Direct6 of 6 capabilities matched · Japan leads
Artificial Intelligence
Direct3 of 3 capabilities matched · United States leads
Quantum Technologies
Direct4 of 4 capabilities matched · United States leads
Connectivity, Cyber & Trust Technologies
Direct5 of 5 capabilities matched · China leads
Sensing, Timing & Navigation
Direct5 of 5 capabilities matched · Japan leads
Robotics & Autonomous Systems
Direct4 of 4 capabilities matched · Japan leads
Biotechnology & Health Technologies
Direct5 of 5 capabilities matched · United States leads
Space Technologies
Direct3 of 3 capabilities matched · United States leads
Hard Power
Strategic Infrastructure
61 of 62 capabilities matched
Resource Infrastructure
Direct4 of 4 capabilities matched · United States leads
37,938
24,936
6,774
4,438
Agriculture & Food Infrastructure
Direct4 of 4 capabilities matched · United States leads
Energy Infrastructure
Direct8 of 8 capabilities matched · United States leads
50,635
45,485
30,469
24,616
24,221
4,104
4,102
2,176
Water, Sanitation & Waste Infrastructure
Direct5 of 5 capabilities matched · China leads
Advanced Manufacturing
Direct4 of 5 capabilities matched · Japan leads
359,341
74,310
38,377
19,765
No match: Workforce & Innovation
Transport Infrastructure
Direct8 of 8 capabilities matched · United States leads
Communications & Digital Infrastructure
Direct7 of 7 capabilities matched · China leads
Financial Infrastructure
Through its tools4 of 4 capabilities matched · United States leads
Social Infrastructure
Direct11 of 11 capabilities matched · United States leads
79,657
21,226
17,457
13,090
7,291
6,233
5,765
4,179
3,368
2,285
1,439
Space, Aerospace & Defence Infrastructure
Direct6 of 6 capabilities matched · United States leads
Hard Power
National Security
30 of 39 capabilities matched
Force Generation & Mobilisation
Through its tools1 of 3 capabilities matched · United States leads
No match: Reserve & Mobilisation Systems · Territorial & Paramilitary Forces
Intelligence & Assessment
Through its tools3 of 6 capabilities matched · United States leads
4,915
2,424
512
No match: Open-Source & Financial Intelligence · Human Intelligence & Counterintelligence · All-Source Analysis & Warning
Joint Command, Projection & Sustainment
Through its tools5 of 6 capabilities matched · United States leads
693
553
409
404
370
No match: Expeditionary & Peace Operations
Land Power
Through its tools3 of 4 capabilities matched · United States leads
No match: Special Operations & Irregular Warfare
Maritime Power
Through its tools4 of 4 capabilities matched · United States leads
Air Power
Through its tools4 of 4 capabilities matched · United States leads
Strategic Strike & Missile Defence
Through its tools3 of 3 capabilities matched · United States leads
Space Operations
Through its tools3 of 3 capabilities matched · United States leads
Cyber & Electromagnetic Operations
Through its tools2 of 3 capabilities matched · United States leads
No match: Offensive Cyber Operations
Nuclear Deterrence
Through its tools2 of 3 capabilities matched · United States leads
No match: Nuclear Command, Control & Communications
Soft Power
Human Capital
13 of 25 capabilities matched
Early Childhood Development
Through its tools1 of 2 capabilities matched · United States leads
No match: Early Learning & School Readiness
Foundational Education
Through its tools3 of 4 capabilities matched · United States leads
No match: Teaching Workforce
Technical & Vocational Skills
Through its tools1 of 2 capabilities matched · United States leads
No match: Work-Based Learning
Digital & AI Competence
Through its tools1 of 2 capabilities matched · South Korea leads
No match: Advanced Digital & AI Skills
Research Talent & Knowledge Creation
Through its tools1 of 3 capabilities matched · United States leads
34,012
No match: Research Workforce · Talent Attraction & Retention
Population Health
Through its tools3 of 3 capabilities matched · United States leads
Health System Capability
Through its tools3 of 3 capabilities matched · United States leads
Soft Power
Information & Influence
5 of 18 capabilities matched
Culture, Language & Education Diplomacy
Through its tools4 of 5 capabilities matched · Japan leads
33,201
18,830
580
18
No match: Education Diplomacy & Alumni Networks
Information Environment & Strategic Communication
Through its tools1 of 3 capabilities matched · China leads
No match: Strategic Communications & Public Diplomacy · Information Defence & Counter-Interference
Soft Power
Governance & Integrity
9 of 28 capabilities matched
Political Institutions & Civic Participation
Through its tools1 of 3 capabilities matched · United States leads
No match: Legislature & Deliberative Institutions · Citizen Participation & Civic Space
Justice System & Fundamental Rights
Through its tools1 of 4 capabilities matched · United States leads
No match: Judicial Independence & Court Capability · Fundamental Rights Protection · Human Rights Institutions & Equality Bodies
Internal Security & Order
Through its tools2 of 3 capabilities matched · Japan leads
No match: Criminal Justice & Corrections
Government Effectiveness & Public Administration
Through its tools2 of 5 capabilities matched · China leads
No match: Centre of Government & Policy Coordination · Civil Service & Public Workforce · Statistical & Data Capability
National Resilience & Crisis Management
Through its tools3 of 5 capabilities matched · United States leads
14,807
7,425
2,338
No match: Crisis Leadership & Coordination · Social Protection & Household Resilience
Economic Power
Financial Strength
8 of 24 capabilities matched
Monetary & Currency Capability
Through its tools1 of 3 capabilities matched · United States leads
No match: Monetary Policy & Price Stability · Exchange Rate & External Account Management
Fiscal Capacity & Public Finance
Through its tools1 of 4 capabilities matched · United States leads
No match: Public Expenditure & Budget Management · Sovereign Debt & Treasury Management · Public Investment Management
Financial System Depth & Access
Through its tools4 of 5 capabilities matched · United States leads
8,509
4,913
4,466
4,401
No match: Development & Policy Finance
Financial Regulation & Integrity
Through its tools2 of 4 capabilities matched · United States leads
No match: Prudential Regulation & Supervision · Market Conduct & Consumer Protection
Economic Power
Production & Innovation
8 of 23 capabilities matched
Labour & Employment
Through its tools1 of 4 capabilities matched · United States leads
No match: Employment & Labour Force Participation · Labour Market Institutions & Wage Setting · Labour Adjustment, Transition & Formalisation
Industrial & Sectoral Base
Through its tools4 of 4 capabilities matched · Japan leads
Innovation & Commercialisation
The whole record1 of 4 capabilities matched · Japan leads
No match: Business Innovation Capability · Research Commercialisation & Knowledge Transfer · Innovation Ecosystems & Clusters
Technology Adoption & Diffusion
Through its tools2 of 2 capabilities matched · Japan leads
Economic Power
Trade & Investment
6 of 22 capabilities matched
Trade Facilitation & Logistics
Through its tools2 of 2 capabilities matched · United States leads
Trade Policy & Market Access
Through its tools1 of 4 capabilities matched · United States leads
No match: Trade Policy & Negotiation Capability · Market Access & Agreements Network · Trade Law & Enforcement
Digital & Services Trade
Through its tools2 of 4 capabilities matched · United States leads
No match: Services Trade Capability · Data Flows & Digital Trade Governance
Economic Leverage & Dependence
Through its tools1 of 3 capabilities matched · Japan leads
No match: Concentration Risk & Revenue Stabilisation · Economic Leverage & Coercion Resistance