Strategic Infrastructure

Storage, Transport & Export

Storage, transport and export covers the systems that store and move bulk commodities to market, including transmission pipelines, slurry pipelines and conveyors, tank farms, LNG liquefaction and export terminals, and crude loading facilities. One of the capabilities of Resource Infrastructure.

International families: 6,7742015 to 2024
Leading country: United States1.1× the next
All families: 37khome filings included
Over five years: Rising2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

United States

France

Japan

China

South Korea

Germany

United Kingdom

Norway

Netherlands

Canada

1,149

1,029

876

701

523

432

314

270

199

192


1	United States	1,149	17.0%	0.9×	1,679
2	France	1,029	15.2%	1.3×	1,207
3	Japan	876	12.9%	1.2×	1,583
4	China	701	10.3%	3.5×	21,942
5	South Korea	523	7.7%	1.3×	6,685
6	Germany	432	6.4%	0.9×	573
7	United Kingdom	314	4.6%	0.8×	372
8	Norway	270	4.0%	1.0×	326
9	Netherlands	199	2.9%	0.5×	238
10	Canada	192	2.8%	0.5×	257
11	Italy	156	2.3%	1.1×	191
12	Denmark	88	1.3%	1.2×	96
13	Saudi Arabia	87	1.3%	1.6×	139
14	Australia	81	1.2%	1.1×	104
15	Switzerland	65	1.0%	1.2×	74
16	Brazil	65	1.0%	0.8×	109
17	Taiwan	64	0.9%	1.7×	127
18	Russia	52	0.8%	2.1×	655
19	Spain	49	0.7%	1.0×	63
20	Finland	44	0.6%	0.6×	50
21	Belgium	37	0.5%	1.2×	45
22	Singapore	37	0.5%	0.8×	44
23	Sweden	35	0.5%	1.7×	41
24	Israel	31	0.5%	1.1×	44
25	Austria	25	0.4%	2.1×	29
26	India	18	0.3%	1.3×	26
27	Türkiye	13	0.2%	1.6×	24
28	Mexico	11	0.2%	0.4×	21
29	Malaysia	10	0.1%	4.0×	16
30	Ireland	8	0.1%	0.6×	8
31	Poland	8	0.1%	1.7×	61
32	New Zealand	7	0.1%	0.8×	7
33	Hong Kong	6	0.1%	0.5×	11
34	South Africa	5	0.1%	0.3×	5
35	Czechia	4	0.1%	1.0×	8
36	Hungary	4	0.1%	0.3×	9
37	Portugal	3	0.0%	–	4
38	Luxembourg	1	0.0%	–	2

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Storage, Transport & Export. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

6,774 international families

GAZTRANSPORT ET TECHNIGAZ · France

AIR LIQUIDE · France

GAZ TRANSPORT & TECHNIGAZ · France

KAWASAKI HEAVY IND LTD · Japan

MITSUBISHI SHIPBUILDING CO LTD · Japan

DAEWOO SHIPBUILDING & MARINE · South Korea

380

285

174

173

United States

1,149 international families

AIR PROD & CHEM

EXXONMOBIL UPSTREAM RES CO

PRAXAIR TECHNOLOGY INC

HONEYWELL LNG LLC

HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES INC

EXXONMOBIL TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING COMPANY

France

1,029 international families

GAZTRANSPORT ET TECHNIGAZ

AIR LIQUIDE

GAZ TRANSPORT & TECHNIGAZ

LAIR LIQUIDE SA POUR LETUDE ET L’EXPLOITATION DES PROCEDES GEORGES CLAUDE

TECHNIP FRANCE

ENGIE

379

278

174

Japan

876 international families

KAWASAKI HEAVY IND LTD

MITSUBISHI SHIPBUILDING CO LTD

MITSUBISHI HEAVY IND LTD

JGC CORP

KOBE STEEL LTD

TOYOTA MOTOR CORP

173

China

701 international families

CHENGDU QINCHUAN IOT TECH CO LTD

UNIV TSINGHUA

UNIV DALIAN TECH

Hudong zhonghua shipbuilding group co ltd

UNIV ZHEJIANG

JIANGNAN SHIPYARD GROUP CO LTD

South Korea

China

United Kingdom

France

Japan

335

189

129

117

Critical Technology

Hydrogen, Ammonia & Sustainable Fuels

1.3% shared · 572 families in both

Japan

United States

Germany

South Korea

China

8,805

6,231

5,748

4,176

2,470

Strategic Infrastructure

Chemicals & Hazardous Process Industry

0.9% shared · 700 families in both

United States

Japan

China

Germany

South Korea

16,120

13,036

11,408

6,357

5,716

Strategic Infrastructure

Thermal Generation

0.9% shared · 262 families in both

United States

Japan

France

Germany

Canada

8,591

2,775

2,550

2,150

1,458

Strategic Infrastructure

Processing & Refining

0.8% shared · 257 families in both

United States

China

Japan

Germany

France

5,663

3,476

2,794

1,548

1,459

Crosswalk

How Storage, Transport & Export is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 229 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

Entry	Title in the scheme	Why it is chosen	CPC codes	IPC codes	Documents
F17D	Pipe-line systems; pipe-lines	Pipeline systems and their monitoring and control	38	32	178,432
F16L1/12	Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water	Laying pipelines on or under water	24	11	34,726
F25J1/00	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures	Liquefaction of gases, including natural gas	125	3	198,982
B65G5/00	Storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth	Underground cavern storage of oil and gas	2	1	4,283
E04H7/02	Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor	Site-built bulk storage tanks for liquids and gases	8	7	14,643
B65D88/34	Large containers having floating covers, e.g. floating roofs or blankets	Floating-roof storage tanks	9	9	8,716
B63B25/08	Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid	Tanker and gas-carrier cargo containment	8	5	36,216
B63B27/24	Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines	Shipboard pipelines for loading and unloading liquid cargo	2	2	10,816
B63B27/30	Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures	Offshore transfer of cargo between ships and installations	3	3	9,662
B67D9/00	Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids when loading or unloading ships	Loading arms transferring liquids to and from ships	2	2	5,085
B63B22/02	Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel	Mooring buoys, including offshore loading buoys	6	1	9,340
B65G53/30	Conveying materials in bulk through pipes or tubes by liquid pressure	Hydraulic pipeline conveying of bulk solids as slurry	1	1	7,066

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Storage, Transport & Export: 228 codes on 418,906 documents. The 150 most used are listed; the full list is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

Code	Title	Under entry	How placed	Documents
B63B25/16	Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed heat-insulated	B63B25/08	In the scheme	21,853
F17D3/01	Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for controlling, signalling, or supervising the conveyance of a product	F17D	In the scheme	15,404
F25J1/0022	Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas	F25J1/00	In the scheme	14,767
F17D5/02	Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss	F17D	In the scheme	10,628
B63B27/24	Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines	B63B27/24	In the scheme	9,371
F17D5/06	Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss using electric or acoustic means	F17D	In the scheme	8,994
F17D5/00	Protection or supervision of installations	F17D	In the scheme	8,553
F25J1/0052	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream	F25J1/00	In the scheme	8,428
F25J1/004	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by flash gas recovery	F25J1/00	In the scheme	8,020
F17D5/005	Protection or supervision of installations of gas pipelines, e.g. alarm	F17D	In the scheme	6,230
F17D1/04	Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours for distribution of gas	F17D	In the scheme	5,921
B63B27/34	Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures using pipe-lines	B63B27/30	In the scheme	5,633
B63B25/08	Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid	B63B25/08	In the scheme	5,094
F25J1/0055	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream originating from an incorporated cascade	F25J1/00	In the scheme	4,770
F25J1/005	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by expansion of a gaseous refrigerant stream with extraction of work	F25J1/00	In the scheme	4,722
F17D1/02	Pipe-line systems for gases or vapours	F17D	In the scheme	4,660
F25J1/0045	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by vaporising a liquid return stream	F25J1/00	In the scheme	4,590
F25J1/0292	Refrigerant compression by cold or cryogenic suction of the refrigerant gas	F25J1/00	In the scheme	4,368
F25J1/0025	Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages	F25J1/00	In the scheme	4,224
F25J1/0072	Nitrogen	F25J1/00	In the scheme	4,208
F17D1/08	Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products	F17D	In the scheme	4,020
F16L1/20	Accessories therefor, e.g. floats or weights	F16L1/12	In the scheme	3,692
B65G53/30	Conveying materials in bulk through pipes or tubes by liquid pressure	B65G53/30	In the scheme	3,610
F25J1/0212	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow MCR cycle	F25J1/00	In the scheme	3,558
F25J1/0202	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration in a quasi-closed internal refrigeration loop	F25J1/00	In the scheme	3,435
F25J1/0042	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by liquid expansion with extraction of work	F25J1/00	In the scheme	3,431
B63B22/021	Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel and for transferring fluids, e.g. liquids	B63B22/02	In the scheme	3,361
F25J1/0288	Combination of different types of drivers mechanically coupled to the same refrigerant compressor, possibly split on multiple compressor casings using work extraction by mechanical coupling of compression and expansion of the refrigerant, so-called companders	F25J1/00	In the scheme	3,294
F25J1/0037	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work of a return stream	F25J1/00	In the scheme	3,283
B63B25/12	Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed	B63B25/08	In the scheme	3,136
F17D1/14	Conveying liquids or viscous products by pumping	F17D	In the scheme	3,133
F25J1/0204	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a single flow SCR cycle	F25J1/00	In the scheme	3,105
F16L1/24	Floats; Weights	F16L1/12	In the scheme	3,032
F16L1/123	Devices for the protection of pipes under water	F16L1/12	In the scheme	3,028
B65G5/00	Storing fluids in natural or artificial cavities or chambers in the earth	B65G5/00	In the scheme	2,965
B63B27/30	Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for transfer at sea between ships or between ships and off-shore structures	B63B27/30	In the scheme	2,931
F25J1/001	Hydrogen	F25J1/00	In the scheme	2,924
F25J1/0035	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using the feed stream itself or separated fractions from it, i.e. "internal refrigeration" by gas expansion with extraction of work	F25J1/00	In the scheme	2,891
B67D9/02	Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids when loading or unloading ships using articulated pipes	B67D9/00	In the scheme	2,870
F25J1/0277	Offshore use, e.g. during shipping	F25J1/00	In the scheme	2,777
F25J1/0265	Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer	F25J1/00	In the scheme	2,758
B63B25/14	Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid closed pressurised	B63B25/08	In the scheme	2,752
F25J1/023	Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system	F25J1/00	In the scheme	2,745
F25J1/00	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures	F25J1/00	In the scheme	2,672
F16L1/16	Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water on the bottom	F16L1/12	In the scheme	2,543
F25J1/0262	Details of the cold heat exchange system	F25J1/00	In the scheme	2,542
F25J1/0221	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop	F25J1/00	In the scheme	2,513
E04H7/18	Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor mainly of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material	E04H7/02	In the scheme	2,492
F25J1/0214	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle	F25J1/00	In the scheme	2,458
F25J1/0283	Gas turbine as the prime mechanical driver	F25J1/00	In the scheme	2,443
F25J1/0087	Propane; Propylene	F25J1/00	In the scheme	2,429
F25J1/0027	Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2	F25J1/00	In the scheme	2,376
F17D1/16	Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity	F17D	In the scheme	2,344
F25J1/0216	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle using a C3 pre-cooling cycle	F25J1/00	In the scheme	2,299
F16L1/207	Pipe handling apparatus	F16L1/12	In the scheme	2,250
F16L1/19	Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water on the bottom the pipes being S- or J-shaped and under tension during laying the pipes being J-shaped	F16L1/12	In the scheme	2,224
F25J1/0015	Nitrogen	F25J1/00	In the scheme	2,197
F17D1/17	Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity by mixing with another liquid, i.e. diluting	F17D	In the scheme	2,140
F25J1/0279	Compression of refrigerant or internal recycle fluid, e.g. kind of compressor, accumulator, suction drum etc.	F25J1/00	In the scheme	2,109
F17D1/00	Pipe-line systems	F17D	In the scheme	2,096
F25J1/0294	Multiple compressor casings/strings in parallel, e.g. split arrangement	F25J1/00	In the scheme	2,087
F25J1/0208	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop	F25J1/00	In the scheme	2,075
F25J1/02	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process	F25J1/00	In the scheme	2,071
F16L1/203	Accessories therefor, e.g. floats or weights fixed on or to vessels the pipes being wound spirally prior to laying	F16L1/12	In the scheme	2,046
F25J1/0278	Unit being stationary, e.g. on floating barge or fixed platform	F25J1/00	In the scheme	2,023
F17D3/00	Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations	F17D	In the scheme	1,990
F16L1/235	Apparatus for controlling the pipe during laying	F16L1/12	In the scheme	1,979
B63B22/02	Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel	B63B22/02	In the scheme	1,965
F25J1/0254	Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation controlling particular process parameter, e.g. pressure, temperature	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,920
F16L1/12	Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water	F16L1/12	In the scheme	1,911
B65D88/34	Large containers having floating covers, e.g. floating roofs or blankets	B65D88/34	In the scheme	1,876
F17D3/18	Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for measuring the quantity of conveyed product	F17D	In the scheme	1,869
F25J1/0012	Primary atmospheric gases, e.g. air	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,852
F25J1/025	Details related to the refrigerant production or treatment, e.g. make-up supply from feed gas itself	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,804
F17D1/20	Arrangements or systems of devices for influencing or altering dynamic characteristics of the systems, e.g. for damping pulsations caused by opening or closing of valves	F17D	In the scheme	1,768
F16L1/23	Pipe tensioning apparatus	F16L1/12	In the scheme	1,746
B67D9/00	Apparatus or devices for transferring liquids when loading or unloading ships	B67D9/00	In the scheme	1,725
F25J1/0284	Electrical motor as the prime mechanical driver	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,705
E04H7/02	Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor	E04H7/02	In the scheme	1,678
F17D3/12	Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for injecting a composition into the line	F17D	In the scheme	1,674
F25J1/0244	Operation; Control and regulation; Instrumentation	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,664
F17D1/082	Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products for cold fluids, e.g. liquefied gas	F17D	In the scheme	1,644
F17D1/005	Pipe-line systems for a two-phase gas-liquid flow	F17D	In the scheme	1,582
F25J1/0291	Refrigerant compression by combined gas compression and liquid pumping	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,578
F25J1/0065	Helium	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,545
F25J1/0205	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level SCR refrigeration cascade	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,495
F16L1/18	Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water on the bottom the pipes being S- or J-shaped and under tension during laying	F16L1/12	In the scheme	1,476
B63B27/25	Arrangement of ship-based loading or unloading equipment for cargo or passengers of pipe-lines for fluidised bulk material	B63B27/24	In the scheme	1,445
F25J1/0268	Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer using a dedicated refrigeration means	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,420
F25J1/0264	Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,398
B63B25/082	Arrangements for minimizing pollution by accidents	B63B25/08	In the scheme	1,397
B63B2025/087	Load-accommodating arrangements, e.g. stowing, trimming; Vessels characterised thereby for bulk goods fluid comprising self-contained tanks installed in the ship structure as separate units	B63B25/08	In the scheme	1,392
E04H7/06	Containers for fluids or gases; Supports therefor mainly of metal with vertical axis	E04H7/02	In the scheme	1,374
F17D1/07	Arrangements for producing propulsion of gases or vapours by compression	F17D	In the scheme	1,371
B63B22/026	Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel and for transferring fluids, e.g. liquids and with means to rotate the vessel around the anchored buoy	B63B22/02	In the scheme	1,362
F25J1/0245	Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,355
F25J1/0276	Laboratory or other miniature devices	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,345
F25J1/0242	Waste heat recovery, e.g. from heat of compression	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,337
F25J1/0097	Others, e.g. F-, Cl-, HF-, HClF-, HCl-hydrocarbons etc. or mixtures thereof	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,327
F25J1/0219	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. using a deep flash recycle loop	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,316
F25J1/0238	Purification or treatment step is integrated within one refrigeration cycle only, i.e. the same or single refrigeration cycle provides feed gas cooling (if present) and overhead gas cooling	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,295
F25J1/0092	Mixtures of hydrocarbons comprising possibly also minor amounts of nitrogen	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,285
F25J1/0296	Removal of the heat of compression, e.g. within an inter- or afterstage-cooler against an ambient heat sink	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,283
F25J1/0057	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the kind of cold generation within the liquefaction unit for compensating heat leaks and liquid production using an "external" refrigerant stream in a closed vapor compression cycle by vaporising a liquid refrigerant stream after expansion of the liquid refrigerant stream with extraction of work	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,279
F25J1/0007	Helium	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,250
F25J1/0257	Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,245
F25J1/0259	Modularity and arrangement of parts of the liquefaction unit and in particular of the cold box, e.g. pre-fabrication, assembling and erection, dimensions, horizontal layout "plot"	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,237
F25J1/0298	Safety aspects and control of the refrigerant compression system, e.g. anti-surge control	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,232
F25J1/0017	Oxygen	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,221
F25J1/0236	Heat exchange integration providing refrigeration for different processes treating not the same feed stream	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,216
F25J1/0251	Intermittent or alternating process, so-called batch process, e.g. "peak-shaving"	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,207
F16L1/15	Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water between the surface and the bottom vertically	F16L1/12	In the scheme	1,194
F25J1/0082	Methane	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,178
F25J1/0201	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using only internal refrigeration means, i.e. without external refrigeration	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,176
F25J1/0067	Hydrogen	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,160
E04H7/20	Prestressed constructions	E04H7/02	In the scheme	1,156
B63B22/023	Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel and for transferring fluids, e.g. liquids submerged when not in use	B63B22/02	In the scheme	1,148
F25J1/0249	Controlling refrigerant inventory, i.e. composition or quantity	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,133
F25J1/021	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a single-component refrigerant [SCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop, e.g. with deep flash recycle loop as at least a three level refrigeration cascade using a deep flash recycle loop	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,123
F25J1/0085	Ethane; Ethylene	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,073
F17D1/18	Facilitating the conveyance of liquids or effecting the conveyance of viscous products by modification of their viscosity by heating	F17D	In the scheme	1,071
F25J1/0267	Arrangement of heat exchanger cores in parallel with different functions, e.g. different cooling streams comprising cores associated exclusively with the cooling of a refrigerant stream, e.g. for auto-refrigeration or economizer using flash gas as heat sink	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,044
F25J1/0231	Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the working-up of the hydrocarbon feed, e.g. reinjection of heavier hydrocarbons into the liquefied gas	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,039
F16L1/163	Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water on the bottom by varying the apparent weight of the pipe during the laying operation	F16L1/12	In the scheme	1,021
F25J1/0247	Different modes, i.e. 'runs', of operation; Process control start-up of the process	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,020
F25J1/0215	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as a dual level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one SCR cycle	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,014
F25J1/0228	Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes	F25J1/00	In the scheme	1,006
F16L1/202	Accessories therefor, e.g. floats or weights fixed on or to vessels	F16L1/12	In the scheme	999
F25J1/0234	Integration with a cryogenic air separation unit	F25J1/00	In the scheme	955
B63B2022/028	Buoys specially adapted for mooring a vessel submerged, e.g. fitting into ship-borne counterpart with or without rotatable turret, or being releasably connected to moored vessel	B63B22/02	In the scheme	928
F16L1/166	Reclaiming pipes	F16L1/12	In the scheme	923
F25J1/0248	Stopping of the process, e.g. defrosting or deriming, maintenance; Back-up mode or systems	F25J1/00	In the scheme	912
F25J1/0062	Light or noble gases, mixtures thereof	F25J1/00	In the scheme	908
F25J1/0225	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using other external refrigeration means not provided before, e.g. heat driven absorption chillers	F25J1/00	In the scheme	880
F17D1/05	Preventing freezing	F17D	In the scheme	856
F25J1/0237	Heat exchange integration integrating refrigeration provided for liquefaction and purification/treatment of the gas to be liquefied, e.g. heavy hydrocarbon removal from natural gas	F25J1/00	In the scheme	856
F16L1/225	Stingers	F16L1/12	In the scheme	836
F17D1/088	Pipe-line systems for liquids or viscous products for solids or suspensions of solids in liquids, e.g. slurries	F17D	In the scheme	817
F25J1/0224	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using the cold stored in an external cryogenic component in an open refrigeration loop in combination with an internal quasi-closed refrigeration loop	F25J1/00	In the scheme	802
F17D5/04	Preventing, monitoring, or locating loss by means of a signalling fluid enclosed in a double wall	F17D	In the scheme	801
F17D3/10	Arrangements for supervising or controlling working operations for taking out the product in the line	F17D	In the scheme	797
F25J1/0218	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using a multi-component refrigerant [MCR] fluid in a closed vapor compression cycle as at least a three level refrigeration cascade with at least one MCR cycle with one or more SCR cycles, e.g. with a C3 pre-cooling cycle	F25J1/00	In the scheme	795
F25J1/0095	Oxides of carbon, e.g. CO2	F25J1/00	In the scheme	769
F25J1/0232	Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes integration within a pressure letdown station of a high pressure pipeline system	F25J1/00	In the scheme	758
F25J1/0274	Retrofitting or revamping of an existing liquefaction unit	F25J1/00	In the scheme	753
F16L1/161	Laying or reclaiming pipes on or under water on the bottom the pipe being composed of sections of short length	F16L1/12	In the scheme	751
F25J1/0227	Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process using other external refrigeration means not provided before, e.g. heat driven absorption chillers within a refrigeration cascade	F25J1/00	In the scheme	735
F25J1/0258	Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines vertical layout of the equipments within in the cold box	F25J1/00	In the scheme	730
F16L1/205	Pipe-laying ships	F16L1/12	In the scheme	723
F25J1/0275	Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices	F25J1/00	In the scheme	718

Match: Direct

The capability is itself a technology or a kind of physical system, and the classification names it. F17D cannot separate export transmission from domestic gas distribution, and F25J1/00 also covers liquefying air gases and hydrogen. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

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