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Financial Strength

Banking System Capacity

The capacity to intermediate savings into credit at national scale: a banking system with the reach, funding, competition and competence to finance households and firms. One of the capabilities of Financial System Depth & Access.

International families
4,9132015 to 2024
Leading country
United States2.3× the next
All families
42khome filings included
Over five years
Falling2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

United States

China

Japan

South Korea

Canada

Cayman Islands

United Kingdom

Germany

Türkiye

India

1,677

722

638

486

297

118

101

88

85

78

2000 to 2025
1United States1,67734.1%0.9×
5,137
2China72214.7%0.6×
26,577
3Japan63813.0%0.7×
2,605
4South Korea4869.9%0.9×
4,248
5Canada2976.0%0.7×
547
6Cayman Islands1182.4%0.0×
129
7United Kingdom1012.1%0.7×
146
8Germany881.8%0.7×
151
9Türkiye851.7%3.0×
145
10India781.6%0.9×
124
11Taiwan691.4%0.6×
773
12Singapore691.4%0.9×
82
13France641.3%0.3×
96
14Australia611.2%0.3×
130
15Russia400.8%0.4×
68
16Israel360.7%0.9×
84
17Italy280.6%0.6×
69
18Switzerland260.5%0.5×
44
19Brazil180.4%1.0×
79
20Sweden170.3%0.4×
22
21Ireland170.3%0.2×
28
22New Zealand160.3%2.2×
18
23Hong Kong150.3%0.2×
21
24Malaysia140.3%0.2×
24
25Austria130.3%0.4×
14
26South Africa120.2%1.0×
12
27Saudi Arabia120.2%11×
13
28Spain90.2%0.3×
18
29Belgium70.1%0.2×
9
30Netherlands60.1%0.5×
12
31Luxembourg40.1%1.0×
6
32Mexico30.1%0.5×
6
33Finland20.0%1.0×
2
34Denmark20.0%1.0×
2
35Portugal20.0%1.0×
3
36Poland10.0%–
1
37Czechia10.0%–
2
38Hungary10.0%–
1

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Banking System Capacity. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

4,913 international families

MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INC · United States

CAPITAL ONE SERVICES LLC · United States

ALIBABA GROUP HOLDING LTD · China

PING AN TECH SHENZHEN CO LTD · China

ADVANCED NEW TECHNOLOGIES CO LTD · Cayman Islands

TORONTO DOMINION BANK · Canada

187

182

145

128

113

110

United States

1,677 international families

MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INC

CAPITAL ONE SERVICES LLC

VISA INT SERVICE ASS

NCR CORP

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK NA

DIEBOLD NIXDORF INC

187

181

105

49

48

46

China

722 international families

PING AN TECH SHENZHEN CO LTD

ONE CONNECT SMART TECH CO LTD SHENZHEN

SHENZHEN ONECONNECT TECH CO LTD

ALIPAY HANGZHOU INF TECH CO LTD

TENCENT TECH SHENZHEN CO LTD

WEBANK CO LTD

128

63

52

41

37

29

Japan

638 international families

GLORY KOGYO KK

NEC CORP

OKI ELECTRIC IND CO LTD

HITACHI OMRON TERMINAL SOLUTIONS CORP

HITACHI LTD

TOSHIBA TEC KK

103

52

49

37

30

30

South Korea

486 international families

HYOSUNG TNS INC

AIZEN GLOBAL CO INC

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

NAUTILUS HYOSUNG INC

BCCARD CO LTD

LG CNS CO LTD

90

25

22

18

14

14

Canada

297 international families

TORONTO DOMINION BANK

CANADA LTD 10353744

SHENZHEN CIFPAY NETWORK BANK TECH CO LTD

ROYAL BANK OF CANADA

SUNING FINANCE TECH NANJING CO LTD

NOMURA RES INST LTD

91

71

41

33

11

8

Similar capabilities

The nine capabilities that share the most international patent families with Banking System Capacity, 2015 to 2024: the families counted in both as a share of those counted in either. Each card shows its five largest countries.

Strategic Infrastructure

Banks, Insurers & Systemic Institutions

56.6% shared · 4,913 families in both

United States

China

Japan

South Korea

Canada

2,907

1,531

1,087

813

421

Financial Strength

Payment & Market Infrastructure Oversight

11.1% shared · 2,189 families in both

United States

China

South Korea

Japan

Cayman Islands

6,452

2,381

1,618

1,604

589

Strategic Infrastructure

Payments & Settlement Systems

9.6% shared · 2,651 families in both

United States

Japan

China

South Korea

Germany

8,689

3,604

3,322

2,540

750

Financial Strength

Long-Term & Institutional Capital

7.3% shared · 633 families in both

United States

China

Japan

South Korea

Canada

1,486

868

498

378

172

Financial Strength

Financial Inclusion & Household Access

6.9% shared · 861 families in both

United States

South Korea

China

Japan

France

3,362

961

951

791

329

Financial Strength

Currency Issuance & Digital Money

6.6% shared · 1,362 families in both

United States

Japan

China

South Korea

Germany

4,952

2,438

1,902

1,526

1,399

Strategic Infrastructure

Markets, Exchanges & Depositories

6.2% shared · 551 families in both

China

United States

Japan

South Korea

Cayman Islands

1,322

1,185

384

363

253

Financial Strength

Capital Markets Depth & Development

6.2% shared · 551 families in both

China

United States

Japan

South Korea

Cayman Islands

1,322

1,185

384

363

253

Strategic Infrastructure

Currency & Reserves

6.2% shared · 575 families in both

Japan

Germany

United States

China

United Kingdom

1,521

908

657

355

213

Crosswalk

How Banking System Capacity is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 39 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

EntryTitle in the schemeWhy it is chosenCPC codesIPC codesDocuments
G06Q40/02Banking, e.g. interest calculation or account maintenanceBanking systems, such as account maintenance and interest calculation11185,436
G06Q40/03Credit; Loans; Processing thereofCredit and loan processing14139,850
G07F19/00Complete banking systems; Coded card-freed arrangements adapted for dispensing or receiving monies or the like and posting such transactions to existing accounts, e.g. automatic teller machinesComplete banking systems and automated teller machines14165,002

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Banking System Capacity: 39 codes on 173,951 documents. The full crosswalk is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

CodeTitleUnder entryHow placedDocuments
G06Q40/02Banking, e.g. interest calculation or account maintenanceG06Q40/02In the scheme68,345
G06Q40/03Credit; Loans; Processing thereofG06Q40/03In the scheme38,808
G07F19/20Automatic teller machines [ATMs]G07F19/00In the scheme17,652
G07F19/201Accessories of ATMsG07F19/00In the scheme9,607
G07F19/205Housing aspects of ATMsG07F19/00In the scheme6,098
G07F19/202Depositing operations within ATMsG07F19/00In the scheme5,943
G07F19/203Dispensing operations within ATMsG07F19/00In the scheme4,888
G07F19/207Surveillance aspects at ATMsG07F19/00In the scheme4,038
G07F19/00Complete banking systems; Coded card-freed arrangements adapted for dispensing or receiving monies or the like and posting such transactions to existing accounts, e.g. automatic teller machinesG07F19/00In the scheme3,676
G07F19/211Software architecture within ATMs or in relation to the ATM networkG07F19/00In the scheme3,615
G07F19/206Software aspects at ATMsG07F19/00In the scheme3,595
G07F19/209Monitoring, auditing or diagnose of functioning of ATMsG07F19/00In the scheme2,854
G07F19/2055Anti-skimming aspects at ATMsG07F19/00In the scheme1,867
G07F19/204Loading of a stored value token using an ATMG07F19/00In the scheme433
G07F19/208Use of an ATM as a switch or hubG07F19/00In the scheme378
G07F19/21Retaining of the payment card by ATMsG07F19/00In the scheme358
G06Q40/024Anti-fraud, anti-money laundering or know-your-customerG06Q40/02In the scheme236
G06Q40/033Analysing or forecasting financial condition of borrowersG06Q40/03In the scheme157
G06Q40/03055Platforms for credit or lending product research, comparison or matching using artificial intelligence, machine learning or neural networksG06Q40/03In the scheme152
G06Q40/0305Platforms for credit or lending product research, comparison or matchingG06Q40/03In the scheme136
G06Q40/022Management of bank accounts, e.g. opening or closing of bank accounts, new customer bank accountsG06Q40/02In the scheme125
G06Q40/034Loan servicingG06Q40/03In the scheme106
G06Q40/023Banking, e.g. interest calculation or account maintenance specially adapted for online bankingG06Q40/02In the scheme105
G06Q40/031Credit restrictions on particular classes of purchases or children accountsG06Q40/03In the scheme95
G06Q40/0222Monitoring, detecting or alert notifications of bank account eventsG06Q40/02In the scheme91
G06Q40/039Personal or business loansG06Q40/03In the scheme74
G06Q40/026Banking interfacesG06Q40/02In the scheme69
G06Q40/03251Account notification, monitoring, detecting, or reporting therefor specially adapted for detecting or preventing credit or loan fraud using artificial intelligence, machine learning or neural networksG06Q40/03In the scheme68
G06Q40/032Account notification, monitoring, detecting, or reporting thereforG06Q40/03In the scheme60
G06Q40/0325Account notification, monitoring, detecting, or reporting therefor specially adapted for detecting or preventing credit or loan fraudG06Q40/03In the scheme59
G06Q40/038Car or vehicle loansG06Q40/03In the scheme50
G06Q40/036MortgagesG06Q40/03In the scheme44
G06Q40/0221Intra-bank account relationships, e.g. sub-accounts, linked or joint accountsG06Q40/02In the scheme36
G06Q40/035Credit; Loans; Processing thereof using financial equations or formulasG06Q40/03In the scheme29
G06Q40/0225Bank transfers not related to payment transactionsG06Q40/02In the scheme28
G06Q40/029Banking at kiosks, computers, point of sale [POS] terminals or automated teller machines [ATM]G06Q40/02In the scheme23
G06Q40/028Processing paper chequesG06Q40/02In the scheme21
G06Q40/0223For planning or pre-staging a bank account transactionG06Q40/02In the scheme20
G06Q40/037Revolving line of creditG06Q40/03In the scheme12
Match: Through its tools
The classification names the equipment or technology the capability draws on, not the capability. The count says how much is being invented for it, not how well it is done. Counts banking, lending and cash-machine technology, not the scale or soundness of bank intermediation. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

Other capabilities in Financial System Depth & Access