Critical Technology

Batteries & Energy Storage

The capacity to develop and produce electrochemical and electrical energy storage, cell chemistries, capacitive storage and the manufacturing technology behind them, at the frontier of density, safety and cost. One of the capabilities of Energy Technologies.

International families: 119k2015 to 2024
Leading country: Japan1.2× the next
All families: 403khome filings included
Over five years: Rising2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

Japan

South Korea

China

United States

Germany

France

Taiwan

United Kingdom

Sweden

Italy

31,663

26,714

25,896

12,867

8,520

2,695

1,459

1,270

888

741


1	Japan	31,663	26.7%	1.3×	59,827
2	South Korea	26,714	22.5%	2.5×	59,979
3	China	25,896	21.8%	4.4×	230,487
4	United States	12,867	10.9%	1.5×	19,192
5	Germany	8,520	7.2%	1.4×	15,567
6	France	2,695	2.3%	1.7×	3,773
7	Taiwan	1,459	1.2%	1.1×	2,566
8	United Kingdom	1,270	1.1%	1.6×	1,560
9	Sweden	888	0.7%	4.5×	994
10	Italy	741	0.6%	3.3×	913
11	Canada	672	0.6%	1.4×	820
12	Switzerland	536	0.5%	2.0×	642
13	India	509	0.4%	4.9×	575
14	Belgium	424	0.4%	1.2×	443
15	Hong Kong	374	0.3%	3.6×	484
16	Australia	319	0.3%	1.7×	364
17	Singapore	310	0.3%	2.0×	373
18	Netherlands	284	0.2%	1.4×	314
19	Austria	261	0.2%	1.4×	328
20	Spain	229	0.2%	1.9×	262
21	Türkiye	222	0.2%	3.3×	404
22	Finland	212	0.2%	1.6×	223
23	Israel	207	0.2%	1.1×	304
24	Denmark	111	0.1%	0.9×	118
25	Liechtenstein	103	0.1%	1.8×	105
26	Norway	98	0.1%	1.4×	116
27	Ireland	87	0.1%	1.9×	106
28	Saudi Arabia	76	0.1%	0.8×	152
29	Luxembourg	67	0.1%	1.9×	74
30	Poland	54	0.0%	2.4×	256
31	Czechia	50	0.0%	1.8×	75
32	Brazil	44	0.0%	2.1×	138
33	Russia	42	0.0%	0.6×	400
34	Mexico	38	0.0%	1.4×	103
35	New Zealand	33	0.0%	1.8×	34
36	Portugal	29	0.0%	1.4×	36
37	South Africa	28	0.0%	0.8×	28
38	Cayman Islands	24	0.0%	0.8×	36
39	Hungary	24	0.0%	3.0×	46
40	Malaysia	15	0.0%	2.8×	35

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Batteries & Energy Storage. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

118,580 international families

LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD · South Korea

CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY CO LTD · China

NINGDE CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECH CO LTD · China

SAMSUNG SDI CO LTD · South Korea

TOYOTA MOTOR CORP · Japan

TOYOTA MOTOR CO LTD · Japan

9,709

7,305

6,804

5,260

4,290

4,155

Japan

31,663 international families

TOYOTA MOTOR CORP

TOYOTA MOTOR CO LTD

PANASONIC IP MAN CO LTD

HONDA MOTOR CO LTD

MURATA MANUFACTURING CO

GS YUASA INT LTD

4,269

4,134

3,216

1,673

1,209

1,058

South Korea

26,714 international families

LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD

SAMSUNG SDI CO LTD

LG CHEMICAL LTD

HYUNDAI MOTOR CO LTD

SK ON CO LTD

KIA CORP

9,690

5,258

3,852

1,847

1,715

1,392

China

25,896 international families

CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

NINGDE CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECH CO LTD

CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY HONG KONG LTD

NINGDE AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY LTD

BYD CO LTD

EVE ENERGY CO LTD

7,087

6,591

2,310

1,855

1,184

1,021

United States

12,867 international families

GM GLOBAL TECH OPERATIONS LLC

FORD GLOBAL TECH LLC

UNIV CALIFORNIA

MILWAUKEE ELECTRIC TOOL CORP

3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES CO

RIVIAN IP HOLDINGS LLC

1,579

1,163

195

183

160

154

Germany

8,520 international families

BOSCH GMBH ROBERT

BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AG

VOLKSWAGEN AG

1.3% shared · 1,796 families in both

United States

China

Japan

Germany

France

5,663

3,476

2,794

1,548

1,459

Crosswalk

How Batteries & Energy Storage is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 822 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

Entry	Title in the scheme	Why it is chosen	CPC codes	IPC codes	Documents
H01M	Processes or means, e.g. batteries, for the direct conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy	Batteries: cells, electrodes, electrolytes, casings and manufacture	994	458	9,566,481
H01G11/00	Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof	Supercapacitors and hybrid capacitors	44	44	301,626
H01M8/00	Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof	Left out
H01M2250/00	Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system	Left out

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Batteries & Energy Storage: 1,038 codes on 9,868,107 documents. The 150 most used are listed; the full list is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

Code	Title	Under entry	How placed	Documents
H01M10/0525	Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries	H01M	In the scheme	398,635
H01M10/052	Li-accumulators	H01M	In the scheme	266,387
H01M2220/20	Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane	H01M	In the scheme	192,777
H01M4/525	Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy	H01M	In the scheme	128,217
H01M4/366	Composites as layered products	H01M	In the scheme	120,595
H01M2004/028	Positive electrodes	H01M	In the scheme	119,048
H01M10/613	Cooling or keeping cold	H01M	In the scheme	111,738
H01M2004/021	Physical characteristics, e.g. porosity, surface area	H01M	In the scheme	111,554
H01M4/505	Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy	H01M	In the scheme	108,174
H01M2004/027	Negative electrodes	H01M	In the scheme	106,108
H01M4/625	Carbon or graphite	H01M	In the scheme	100,240
H01M4/131	Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx	H01M	In the scheme	96,805
H01M4/62	Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers	H01M	In the scheme	93,912
H01M4/13	Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof	H01M	In the scheme	86,280
H01M10/425	Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing	H01M	In the scheme	86,106
H01M10/625	Vehicles	H01M	In the scheme	84,098
H01M4/587	Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals	H01M	In the scheme	81,468
H01M10/48	Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte	H01M	In the scheme	75,366
H01M10/058	Construction or manufacture	H01M	In the scheme	71,941
H01M50/249	Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains	H01M	In the scheme	70,424
H01M50/209	Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells	H01M	In the scheme	66,953
H01M4/134	Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys	H01M	In the scheme	66,818
H01M4/485	Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy	H01M	In the scheme	65,209
H01M4/364	Composites as mixtures	H01M	In the scheme	62,600
H01M4/133	Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx	H01M	In the scheme	62,598
H01M10/4235	Safety or regulating additives or arrangements in electrodes, separators or electrolyte	H01M	In the scheme	60,575
H01M2010/4271	Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing	H01M	In the scheme	60,470
H01M10/0567	Liquid materials characterised by the additives	H01M	In the scheme	60,106
H01M4/5825	Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines	H01M	In the scheme	60,019
H01M50/204	Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells	H01M	In the scheme	59,842
H01M4/0404	Methods of deposition of the material by coating on electrode collectors	H01M	In the scheme	59,464
H01M10/44	Methods for charging or discharging	H01M	In the scheme	58,265
H01M2220/30	Batteries in portable systems, e.g. mobile phone, laptop	H01M	In the scheme	58,136
H01M10/0562	Solid materials	H01M	In the scheme	57,156
H01M4/386	Silicon or alloys based on silicon	H01M	In the scheme	56,149
H01M4/139	Processes of manufacture	H01M	In the scheme	55,049
H01M10/0569	Liquid materials characterised by the solvents	H01M	In the scheme	51,569
H01M10/0585	Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only flat construction elements, i.e. flat positive electrodes, flat negative electrodes and flat separators	H01M	In the scheme	51,448
H01M4/622	Binders being polymers	H01M	In the scheme	51,139
H01M50/20	Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders	H01M	In the scheme	47,221
H01M50/244	Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method	H01M	In the scheme	46,429
H01M4/38	Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys	H01M	In the scheme	46,070
H01M4/661	Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings	H01M	In the scheme	45,931
H01M10/0587	Construction or manufacture of accumulators having only wound construction elements, i.e. wound positive electrodes, wound negative electrodes and wound separators	H01M	In the scheme	45,820
H01M10/482	Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially	H01M	In the scheme	45,692
H01M10/486	Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for measuring temperature	H01M	In the scheme	45,578
H01M10/6556	Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange	H01M	In the scheme	44,096
H01M10/0568	Liquid materials characterised by the solutes	H01M	In the scheme	43,328
H01M4/583	Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx	H01M	In the scheme	42,723
H01M4/0471	Processes of manufacture in general involving thermal treatment, e.g. firing, sintering, backing particulate active material, thermal decomposition, pyrolysis	H01M	In the scheme	42,354
H01M10/0565	Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type	H01M	In the scheme	42,095
H01M50/213	Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic	H01M	In the scheme	41,682
H01M10/054	Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium	H01M	In the scheme	40,855
H01M4/1391	Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx	H01M	In the scheme	40,355
H01M2300/0082	Organic polymers	H01M	In the scheme	39,530
H01M50/103	Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure prismatic or rectangular	H01M	In the scheme	38,461
H01M50/489	Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties	H01M	In the scheme	38,193
H01M4/04	Processes of manufacture in general	H01M	In the scheme	37,525
H01M50/403	Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms	H01M	In the scheme	36,201
H01M4/628	Inhibitors, e.g. gassing inhibitors, corrosion inhibitors	H01M	In the scheme	36,115
H01M4/136	Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy	H01M	In the scheme	35,585
H01M50/24	Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion	H01M	In the scheme	35,502
H01M50/417	Polyolefins	H01M	In the scheme	35,364
H01M10/0431	Cells with wound or folded electrodes	H01M	In the scheme	35,323
H01M10/42	Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells	H01M	In the scheme	34,699
H01M50/491	Porosity	H01M	In the scheme	33,664
H01M50/105	Pouches or flexible bags	H01M	In the scheme	33,487
H01M50/211	Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for pouch cells	H01M	In the scheme	32,779
H01M4/1395	Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys	H01M	In the scheme	32,417
H01M50/531	Electrode connections inside a battery casing	H01M	In the scheme	32,400
H01M10/04	Construction or manufacture in general	H01M	In the scheme	32,346
H01M50/449	Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure	H01M	In the scheme	32,283
H01M2300/0025	Organic electrolyte	H01M	In the scheme	32,138
H01M10/0404	Machines for assembling batteries	H01M	In the scheme	31,697
H01M50/55	Terminals characterised by the disposition of the terminals on the cells on the same side of the cell	H01M	In the scheme	31,262
H01M2300/0068	Solid electrolytes inorganic	H01M	In the scheme	30,790
H01M10/647	Prismatic or flat cells, e.g. pouch cells	H01M	In the scheme	30,471
H01M4/362	Composites	H01M	In the scheme	30,111
H01M10/54	Reclaiming serviceable parts of waste accumulators	H01M	In the scheme	29,757
H01M50/119	Metals	H01M	In the scheme	29,573
H01M50/271	Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings	H01M	In the scheme	29,500
H01M4/667	Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings	H01M	In the scheme	28,650
H01M10/6568	Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings	H01M	In the scheme	28,560
H01M10/441	Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially	H01M	In the scheme	28,488
H01M10/6567	Liquids	H01M	In the scheme	28,319
H01M50/446	Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials	H01M	In the scheme	28,226
H01M4/623	Binders being polymers fluorinated polymers	H01M	In the scheme	27,808
H01M10/6554	Rods or plates	H01M	In the scheme	27,681
H01M4/382	Lithium	H01M	In the scheme	27,484
H01M10/615	Heating or keeping warm	H01M	In the scheme	27,406
H01M4/02	Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material	H01M	In the scheme	27,052
H01M4/36	Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids	H01M	In the scheme	26,988
H01M50/46	Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their combination with electrodes	H01M	In the scheme	26,865
H01M4/1393	Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx	H01M	In the scheme	26,855
H01M10/4257	Smart batteries, e.g. electronic circuits inside the housing of the cells or batteries	H01M	In the scheme	26,655
H01M50/553	Terminals adapted for prismatic, pouch or rectangular cells	H01M	In the scheme	26,552
H01M50/503	Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the interconnectors	H01M	In the scheme	26,492
H01M50/414	Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins	H01M	In the scheme	26,440
H01M50/124	Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure	H01M	In the scheme	26,333
H01M50/107	Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic	H01M	In the scheme	26,210
H01M4/483	Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides for non-aqueous cells	H01M	In the scheme	25,658
H01M4/48	Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides	H01M	In the scheme	25,416
H01M50/242	Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling	H01M	In the scheme	25,208
H01M4/624	Electric conductive fillers	H01M	In the scheme	25,152
H01M50/3425	Non-re-sealable arrangements in the form of rupturable membranes or weakened parts, e.g. pierced with the aid of a sharp member	H01M	In the scheme	25,105
H01M50/264	Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames	H01M	In the scheme	24,919
H01M50/533	Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the shape of the leads or tabs	H01M	In the scheme	24,888
H01M4/58	Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates	H01M	In the scheme	24,698
H01M10/4207	Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially	H01M	In the scheme	24,372
H01M10/653	Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by electrically insulating or thermally conductive materials	H01M	In the scheme	23,859
H01G11/86	Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes	H01G11/00	In the scheme	23,786
H01M2010/4278	Systems for data transfer from batteries, e.g. transfer of battery parameters to a controller, data transferred between battery controller and main controller	H01M	In the scheme	23,733
H01M50/262	Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks	H01M	In the scheme	23,662
H01M50/502	Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing	H01M	In the scheme	23,382
H01M50/186	Sealing members characterised by the disposition of the sealing members	H01M	In the scheme	23,370
H01M50/121	Organic material	H01M	In the scheme	22,024
H01M4/621	Binders	H01M	In the scheme	21,937
H01M10/6563	Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers	H01M	In the scheme	21,857
H01M50/30	Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases	H01M	In the scheme	21,813
H01M50/507	Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing comprising an arrangement of two or more busbars within a container structure, e.g. busbar modules	H01M	In the scheme	21,656
H01M50/536	Electrode connections inside a battery casing characterised by the method of fixing the leads to the electrodes, e.g. by welding	H01M	In the scheme	21,517
H01M50/289	Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs	H01M	In the scheme	21,450
H01M10/0413	Large-sized flat cells or batteries for motive or stationary systems with plate-like electrodes	H01M	In the scheme	21,417
H01M10/658	Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by thermal insulation or shielding	H01M	In the scheme	20,803
H01M10/46	Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus	H01M	In the scheme	20,724
H01M50/50	Current conducting connections for cells or batteries	H01M	In the scheme	20,682
H01M10/0436	Small-sized flat cells or batteries for portable equipment	H01M	In the scheme	20,656
H01M50/44	Fibrous material	H01M	In the scheme	20,500
H01M10/6551	Surfaces specially adapted for heat dissipation or radiation, e.g. fins or coatings	H01M	In the scheme	20,446
H01M50/528	Fixed electrical connections, i.e. not intended for disconnection	H01M	In the scheme	20,208
H01M50/296	Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by terminals of battery packs	H01M	In the scheme	20,127
H01M10/4285	Testing apparatus	H01M	In the scheme	20,058
H01M50/258	Modular batteries; Casings provided with means for assembling	H01M	In the scheme	19,866
H01M50/451	Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material	H01M	In the scheme	19,784
H01M10/05	Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte	H01M	In the scheme	19,747
H01M50/543	Terminals	H01M	In the scheme	19,612
H01M50/147	Lids or covers	H01M	In the scheme	19,420
H01M50/538	Connection of several leads or tabs of wound or folded electrode stacks	H01M	In the scheme	19,414
H01M4/8605	Porous electrodes	H01M	In the scheme	19,291
H01M4/926	Metals of platinum group supported on carriers, e.g. powder carriers on carbon or graphite	H01M	In the scheme	19,227
H01M50/291	Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs characterised by their shape	H01M	In the scheme	19,099
H01M2220/10	Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant	H01M	In the scheme	18,817
H01M4/0435	Rolling or calendering	H01M	In the scheme	18,636
H01M50/431	Inorganic material	H01M	In the scheme	18,492
H01M10/056	Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes	H01M	In the scheme	18,110
H01M50/569	Constructional details of current conducting connections for detecting conditions inside cells or batteries, e.g. details of voltage sensing terminals	H01M	In the scheme	17,772
H01M50/443	Particulate material	H01M	In the scheme	17,545
H01M2300/0085	Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte	H01M	In the scheme	17,496
H01M2200/00	Safety devices for primary or secondary batteries	H01M	In the scheme	17,406
H01M10/6557	Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells	H01M	In the scheme	17,104

Match: Direct

The capability is itself a technology or a kind of physical system, and the classification names it. Fuel cells are carved out of H01M and counted under Hydrogen, Ammonia & Sustainable Fuels. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

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