Production & Innovation

Foundational & Process Industries

The capacity to run the industrial commons: steel, cement, chemicals, refining and the process industries every other sector stands on. One of the capabilities of Industrial & Sectoral Base.

International families: 314k2015 to 2024
Leading country: Japan1.7× the next
All families: 1.77Mhome filings included
Over five years: Steady2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

Japan

United States

China

South Korea

Germany

France

Netherlands

Switzerland

United Kingdom

Taiwan

94,317

55,479

36,011

28,513

26,005

12,630

5,773

5,148

4,870

4,855


1	Japan	94,317	30.0%	1.0×	191,937
2	United States	55,479	17.7%	0.9×	72,273
3	China	36,011	11.5%	1.7×	1,246,180
4	South Korea	28,513	9.1%	1.1×	105,999
5	Germany	26,005	8.3%	1.0×	31,572
6	France	12,630	4.0%	1.0×	14,471
7	Netherlands	5,773	1.8%	0.8×	6,133
8	Switzerland	5,148	1.6%	1.1×	5,677
9	United Kingdom	4,870	1.6%	1.1×	5,587
10	Taiwan	4,855	1.5%	1.0×	10,254
11	Italy	3,798	1.2%	1.1×	5,052
12	Canada	3,654	1.2%	1.1×	4,557
13	India	2,770	0.9%	1.2×	3,257
14	Finland	2,737	0.9%	1.2×	3,031
15	Austria	2,683	0.9%	1.1×	2,902
16	Belgium	2,399	0.8%	1.1×	2,674
17	Sweden	1,996	0.6%	1.2×	2,260
18	Australia	1,690	0.5%	1.2×	2,054
19	Spain	1,676	0.5%	1.2×	2,156
20	Saudi Arabia	1,497	0.5%	1.1×	2,603
21	Denmark	1,421	0.5%	1.4×	1,549
22	Türkiye	1,355	0.4%	1.9×	2,649
23	Israel	1,215	0.4%	1.2×	1,351
24	Singapore	1,094	0.3%	1.2×	1,187
25	Russia	1,010	0.3%	0.8×	13,206
26	Luxembourg	952	0.3%	1.3×	1,027
27	Brazil	942	0.3%	1.2×	3,741
28	Poland	733	0.2%	1.2×	6,086
29	Norway	705	0.2%	1.1×	758
30	Mexico	409	0.1%	0.6×	1,641
31	Ireland	369	0.1%	1.2×	406
32	Czechia	362	0.1%	0.9×	763
33	Portugal	347	0.1%	1.6×	485
34	Liechtenstein	309	0.1%	1.3×	319
35	Hong Kong	294	0.1%	1.4×	520
36	Malaysia	284	0.1%	0.9×	641
37	South Africa	241	0.1%	1.1×	253
38	New Zealand	182	0.1%	1.0×	214
39	Hungary	171	0.1%	1.0×	348
40	Cayman Islands	86	0.0%	0.7×	122

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Foundational & Process Industries. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

313,982 international families

LG CHEMICAL LTD · South Korea

BASF SE · Germany

DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC · United States

FUJIFILM CORP · Japan

SHINETSU CHEMICAL CO · Japan

AGC INC · Japan

4,695

3,794

2,919

2,813

2,656

2,432

Japan

94,317 international families

FUJIFILM CORP

SHINETSU CHEMICAL CO

AGC INC

JFE STEEL CORP

SUMITOMO CHEMICAL CO

NIPPON STEEL CORP

2,776

2,653

2,395

2,320

2,313

2,286

United States

55,479 international families

DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC

CORNING INC

3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES CO

DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES INC

EXXONMOBIL CHEMICAL PATENTS INC

3M INNOVATIVE PROPERTIES COMPANY

2,787

2,163

1,451

1,126

1,017

948

China

36,011 international families

GUANGDONG BRUNP RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

HUNAN BRUNP RECYCLING TECH CO LTD

CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEM CORP

CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

NINGDE CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECH CO LTD

KINGFA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CO

708

704

647

634

600

560

South Korea

28,513 international families

LG CHEMICAL LTD

SAMSUNG SDI CO LTD

POSCO

POSCO CO LTD

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

SAMSUNG DISPLAY CO LTD

4,683

1,305

1,207

1,195

1,162

1,057

Germany

26,005 international families

BASF SE

COVESTRO DEUTSCHLAND AG

EVONIK OPERATIONS GMBH

4.3% shared · 16,901 families in both

Japan

United States

South Korea

China

Taiwan

37,853

15,529

13,584

8,665

6,232

Crosswalk

How Foundational & Process Industries is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 19,195 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

Entry	Title in the scheme	Why it is chosen	CPC codes	IPC codes	Documents
C01	Inorganic chemistry	Inorganic chemistry: basic chemicals, acids, alkalis, industrial gases	2,084	1,010	4,274,860
C03	Glass; mineral or slag wool	Glass and mineral wool	1,481	515	2,100,898
C04	Cements; concrete; artificial stone; ceramics; refractories	Cement, concrete, ceramics and refractories	2,008	468	5,078,668
C05	Fertilisers; manufacture thereof	Fertilisers	183	136	589,395
C07C	Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds	Basic organic chemicals: acyclic and carbocyclic compounds	3,606	3,116	7,967,691
C08	Organic macromolecular compounds; their preparation or chemical working-up; compositions based thereon	Polymers and plastics materials	4,960	2,025	17,929,113
C10	Petroleum, gas or coke industries; technical gases containing carbon monoxide; fuels; lubricants; peat	Petroleum refining, gas, coke, fuels and lubricants	2,703	1,232	6,643,320
C21	Metallurgy of iron	Iron and steel metallurgy	509	230	1,948,602
C22	Metallurgy; ferrous or non-ferrous alloys; treatment of alloys or non-ferrous metals	Non-ferrous metallurgy and alloys	748	364	3,528,504
C25	Electrolytic or electrophoretic processes; apparatus therefor	Electrolytic processes, such as aluminium smelting and electroplating	494	392	1,525,448
D21	Paper-making; production of cellulose	Paper-making and pulp	824	497	1,372,252

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Foundational & Process Industries: 19,600 codes on 50,678,198 documents. The 150 most used are listed; the full list is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

Code	Title	Under entry	How placed	Documents
C08J5/18	Manufacture of films or sheets	C08	In the scheme	227,952
C22C38/02	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon	C22	In the scheme	168,925
C22C38/04	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese	C22	In the scheme	162,541
C08K3/22	Oxides; Hydroxides of metals	C08	In the scheme	135,870
C22C38/06	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium	C22	In the scheme	123,807
C08K3/36	Silica	C08	In the scheme	115,019
C08L2205/025	Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure	C08	In the scheme	113,279
C07C2601/14	The ring being saturated	C07C	In the scheme	110,721
C08L63/00	Compositions of epoxy resins; Compositions of derivatives of epoxy resins	C08	In the scheme	110,543
C01P2004/61	Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer	C01	In the scheme	110,114
C08L2205/03	Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend	C08	In the scheme	109,837
C08K2201/011	Nanostructured additives	C08	In the scheme	102,021
C08L83/04	Polysiloxanes	C08	In the scheme	101,893
C01P2006/12	Surface area	C01	In the scheme	100,725
C08L2205/035	Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing three or more polymers in a blend containing four or more polymers in a blend	C08	In the scheme	100,292
C08K3/04	Carbon	C08	In the scheme	97,182
C01P2002/72	Crystal-structural characteristics defined by measured X-ray, neutron or electron diffraction data by d-values or two theta-values, e.g. as X-ray diagram	C01	In the scheme	96,847
C08F10/00	Homopolymers and copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond	C08	In the scheme	96,453
C01P2006/40	Electric properties	C01	In the scheme	94,114
C22C38/001	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N	C22	In the scheme	92,330
C08L2205/02	Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group	C08	In the scheme	92,101
C01P2004/03	Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM	C01	In the scheme	91,608
C22C38/002	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60	C22	In the scheme	89,055
C08L2201/08	Stabilised against heat, light or radiation or oxydation	C08	In the scheme	83,014
C08G18/10	Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step	C08	In the scheme	75,868
C01P2004/64	Nanometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 nanometer	C01	In the scheme	75,262
C08L23/06	Polyethylene	C08	In the scheme	75,233
C04B41/009	After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated	C04	In the scheme	75,127
C08L67/02	Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds	C08	In the scheme	73,019
C01P2004/62	Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer	C01	In the scheme	72,709
C25B1/04	Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water	C25	In the scheme	71,754
C22C38/44	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten	C22	In the scheme	70,914
C01P2006/80	Compositional purity	C01	In the scheme	70,511
C08K3/013	Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives	C08	In the scheme	69,545
C21D9/46	Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals	C21	In the scheme	67,272
C08L2201/02	Flame or fire retardant/resistant	C08	In the scheme	66,539
C08L23/12	Polypropene	C08	In the scheme	65,496
C08K3/34	Silicon-containing compounds	C08	In the scheme	63,365
C04B28/02	Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates	C04	In the scheme	62,652
C22C38/12	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium	C22	In the scheme	62,547
C08F210/16	Copolymers of ethene with alpha-alkenes, e.g. EP rubbers	C08	In the scheme	62,304
C08L75/04	Polyurethanes	C08	In the scheme	62,201
C21D8/0226	Hot rolling	C21	In the scheme	61,209
C08L69/00	Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates	C08	In the scheme	60,824
C08L101/00	Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds	C08	In the scheme	60,638
C04B2235/96	Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance	C04	In the scheme	58,932
C08J2367/02	Polyesters derived from dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds	C08	In the scheme	58,384
C08L23/0815	Copolymers of ethene with unsaturated hydrocarbons only containing four or more carbon atoms with aliphatic 1-olefins containing one carbon-to-carbon double bond	C08	In the scheme	55,663
C04B28/04	Portland cements	C04	In the scheme	54,891
C22C38/14	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing titanium or zirconium	C22	In the scheme	54,752
C08K2003/2241	Titanium dioxide	C08	In the scheme	54,330
C22C38/42	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with copper	C22	In the scheme	53,250
C08G77/20	Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to unsaturated aliphatic groups	C08	In the scheme	52,941
C08L23/16	Ethylene-propylene or ethylene-propylene-diene copolymers	C08	In the scheme	52,549
C04B2235/3217	Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina	C04	In the scheme	52,233
C08L77/00	Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers	C08	In the scheme	51,541
C21D8/02	Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips	C21	In the scheme	51,211
C08J7/0427	Coating with only one layer of a composition containing a polymer binder	C08	In the scheme	50,492
C08K2003/2227	Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of aluminium	C08	In the scheme	49,941
C21D2211/005	Ferrite	C21	In the scheme	49,760
C08K2003/265	Calcium, strontium or barium carbonate	C08	In the scheme	48,544
C08J2375/04	Polyurethanes	C08	In the scheme	48,412
C04B2235/77	Density	C04	In the scheme	48,262
C04B2235/6567	Treatment time	C04	In the scheme	48,133
C08K5/098	Metal salts of carboxylic acids	C08	In the scheme	47,296
C07C2601/02	Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a three-membered ring	C07C	In the scheme	47,215
C22C38/50	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with titanium or zirconium	C22	In the scheme	47,147
C08K2201/014	Additives containing two or more different additives of the same subgroup in C08K	C08	In the scheme	46,381
C22C38/22	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten	C22	In the scheme	46,276
C22C38/58	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese	C22	In the scheme	46,270
C04B2235/3418	Silicon oxide, silicic acids or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. silica sol, fused silica, silica fume, cristobalite, quartz or flint	C04	In the scheme	46,020
C21D2211/008	Martensite	C21	In the scheme	45,892
C22C38/00	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys	C22	In the scheme	45,778
C08L23/10	Homopolymers or copolymers of propene	C08	In the scheme	45,374
C08K9/04	Ingredients treated with organic substances	C08	In the scheme	45,364
C10N2030/06	Oiliness; Film-strength; Anti-wear; Resistance to extreme pressure	C10	In the scheme	45,100
C21D6/005	Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn	C21	In the scheme	44,588
C04B2235/5436	Particle size related information expressed by the size of the particles or aggregates thereof micrometer sized, i.e. from 1 to 100 micron	C04	In the scheme	44,587
C05G3/00	Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity	C05	In the scheme	43,964
C22C38/48	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with niobium or tantalum	C22	In the scheme	43,963
C04B2201/50	Mortars, concrete or artificial stone characterised by specific physical values for the mechanical strength	C04	In the scheme	43,723
C08L71/02	Polyalkylene oxides	C08	In the scheme	43,381
C08L9/00	Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of conjugated diene hydrocarbons	C08	In the scheme	43,164
C08L21/00	Compositions of unspecified rubbers	C08	In the scheme	42,949
C08K9/06	Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds	C08	In the scheme	42,935
C04B35/622	Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products	C04	In the scheme	42,813
C21D6/008	Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Si	C21	In the scheme	42,806
C22C38/46	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with vanadium	C22	In the scheme	42,650
C08J7/043	Improving the adhesiveness of the coatings per se, e.g. forming primers	C08	In the scheme	42,593
C21D1/18	Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering	C21	In the scheme	42,156
C07C2601/08	Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring the ring being saturated	C07C	In the scheme	41,664
C08L27/06	Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride	C08	In the scheme	41,576
C08K7/14	Glass	C08	In the scheme	41,527
C08K3/26	Carbonates; Bicarbonates	C08	In the scheme	40,007
C01P2004/04	Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by TEM, STEM, STM or AFM	C01	In the scheme	39,992
C08G77/12	Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to hydrogen	C08	In the scheme	39,988
C08K3/08	Metals	C08	In the scheme	39,868
C08L67/00	Compositions of polyesters obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers	C08	In the scheme	39,837
C08F2/44	Polymerisation in the presence of compounding ingredients, e.g. plasticisers, dyestuffs, fillers	C08	In the scheme	39,800
C22C38/28	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with titanium or zirconium	C22	In the scheme	39,781
C22C38/005	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing rare earths, i.e. Sc, Y, Lanthanides	C22	In the scheme	39,537
C04B2235/3206	Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof	C04	In the scheme	39,136
C08J9/0061	Working-up of macromolecular substances to porous or cellular articles or materials; After-treatment thereof characterized by the use of several polymeric components	C08	In the scheme	39,072
C08L79/08	Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors	C08	In the scheme	39,043
C08L67/04	Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids, e.g. lactones	C08	In the scheme	38,903
C08F220/06	Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof	C08	In the scheme	38,873
C08F4/65912	Component covered by group C08F4/64 containing a transition metal-carbon bond in combination with an organoaluminium compound	C08	In the scheme	38,813
C22C38/16	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing copper	C22	In the scheme	38,665
C22C38/08	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel	C22	In the scheme	38,524
C08K5/0025	Crosslinking or vulcanising agents; including accelerators	C08	In the scheme	37,981
C08K5/09	Carboxylic acids; Metal salts thereof; Anhydrides thereof	C08	In the scheme	37,756
C22C38/38	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese	C22	In the scheme	37,712
C08K2201/005	Additives being defined by their particle size in general	C08	In the scheme	37,398
C10N2010/04	Groups 2 or 12	C10	In the scheme	37,278
C01B32/05	Preparation or purification of carbon not covered by groups C01B32/15, C01B32/20, C01B32/25, C01B32/30	C01	In the scheme	37,179
C08K2003/2296	Oxides; Hydroxides of metals of zinc	C08	In the scheme	36,635
C22C21/00	Alloys based on aluminium	C22	In the scheme	36,625
C08L2203/16	Applications used for films	C08	In the scheme	36,426
C22C38/60	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur	C22	In the scheme	36,400
C08G18/12	Prepolymer processes involving reaction of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen in a first reaction step using two or more compounds having active hydrogen in the first polymerisation step	C08	In the scheme	36,384
C04B35/64	Burning or sintering processes	C04	In the scheme	36,344
C08F110/02	Ethene	C08	In the scheme	36,274
C07C2601/16	Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring the ring being unsaturated	C07C	In the scheme	36,013
C08K2201/003	Additives being defined by their diameter	C08	In the scheme	35,996
C08L9/06	Copolymers with styrene	C08	In the scheme	35,815
C08L77/06	Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids	C08	In the scheme	35,706
C04B2235/3208	Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime	C04	In the scheme	35,557
C08K5/14	Peroxides	C08	In the scheme	35,389
C08J3/12	Powdering or granulating	C08	In the scheme	35,288
C08J2323/06	Polyethene	C08	In the scheme	35,186
C08L53/00	Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers	C08	In the scheme	35,129
C07C255/00	Carboxylic acid nitriles	C07C	In the scheme	34,971
C21D2211/001	Austenite	C21	In the scheme	34,936
C01P2006/60	Optical properties, e.g. expressed in CIELAB-values	C01	In the scheme	34,896
C08J3/24	Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules	C08	In the scheme	34,736
C08L7/00	Compositions of natural rubber	C08	In the scheme	34,717
C04B2235/6562	Heating rate	C04	In the scheme	34,711
C22C38/26	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with niobium or tantalum	C22	In the scheme	34,282
C04B2235/3225	Yttrium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof	C04	In the scheme	34,260
C21D8/0263	Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling	C21	In the scheme	33,732
C08L51/04	Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to rubbers	C08	In the scheme	33,600
C22C38/54	Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with boron	C22	In the scheme	33,439
C01P2004/51	Particles with a specific particle size distribution	C01	In the scheme	33,376
C08F10/02	Ethene	C08	In the scheme	33,233
C05G3/80	Soil conditioners	C05	In the scheme	33,200
C08L53/02	Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers of vinyl-aromatic monomers and conjugated dienes	C08	In the scheme	33,176
C08K2201/001	Conductive additives	C08	In the scheme	32,730
C21D8/0236	Cold rolling	C21	In the scheme	32,706
C01P2004/80	Particles consisting of a mixture of two or more inorganic phases	C01	In the scheme	32,682
C08F212/08	Styrene	C08	In the scheme	32,610

Match: Through its tools

The classification names the equipment or technology the capability draws on, not the capability. The count says how much is being invented for it, not how well it is done. A sector-wide match on the process industries by whole classes; it counts inventive activity in these industries, not tonnes of steel, cement or chemicals produced. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

Foundational & Process Industries

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Applicants

Global

Japan

United States

China

South Korea

Germany

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