Strategic Infrastructure

Chemicals & Hazardous Process Industry

Chemicals and hazardous process industry covers the production and handling of chemicals and hazardous substances, including chemical and petrochemical plants, fertiliser plants, industrial and medical gases, industrial explosives plants, and upper-tier major-hazard establishments whose criticality arises from the dependence of other sectors upon them. One of the capabilities of Advanced Manufacturing.

International families: 74k2015 to 2024
Leading country: United States1.2× the next
All families: 412khome filings included
Over five years: Steady2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

United States

Japan

China

Germany

South Korea

France

Netherlands

United Kingdom

Canada

Switzerland

16,120

13,036

11,408

6,357

5,716

3,625

2,036

1,628

1,592

1,521


1	United States	16,120	21.7%	0.9×	20,687
2	Japan	13,036	17.5%	1.0×	23,552
3	China	11,408	15.4%	1.7×	311,270
4	Germany	6,357	8.6%	0.9×	7,446
5	South Korea	5,716	7.7%	1.2×	17,318
6	France	3,625	4.9%	1.0×	4,266
7	Netherlands	2,036	2.7%	0.6×	2,134
8	United Kingdom	1,628	2.2%	1.1×	1,821
9	Canada	1,592	2.1%	1.1×	1,808
10	Switzerland	1,521	2.0%	0.9×	1,586
11	India	1,363	1.8%	1.0×	1,513
12	Taiwan	892	1.2%	0.7×	1,683
13	Italy	886	1.2%	1.1×	1,089
14	Saudi Arabia	633	0.9%	1.1×	1,004
15	Denmark	624	0.8%	1.1×	681
16	Australia	622	0.8%	1.1×	719
17	Belgium	612	0.8%	1.0×	672
18	Spain	566	0.8%	1.0×	698
19	Finland	508	0.7%	1.1×	549
20	Israel	481	0.6%	1.3×	507
21	Sweden	370	0.5%	1.3×	409
22	Austria	356	0.5%	1.0×	396
23	Russia	355	0.5%	1.0×	2,938
24	Norway	298	0.4%	1.4×	315
25	Singapore	275	0.4%	1.3×	304
26	Brazil	251	0.3%	1.1×	937
27	Poland	225	0.3%	1.3×	1,758
28	Türkiye	215	0.3%	1.8×	404
29	Mexico	134	0.2%	0.4×	401
30	Ireland	119	0.2%	0.6×	129
31	Czechia	107	0.1%	0.9×	203
32	Hungary	90	0.1%	1.2×	141
33	South Africa	78	0.1%	1.0×	83
34	New Zealand	77	0.1%	1.1×	86
35	Portugal	77	0.1%	1.0×	106
36	Luxembourg	61	0.1%	0.6×	67
37	Malaysia	60	0.1%	0.9×	113
38	Hong Kong	53	0.1%	1.6×	87
39	Cayman Islands	43	0.1%	0.7×	50
40	Liechtenstein	22	0.0%	0.6×	22

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Chemicals & Hazardous Process Industry. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

74,310 international families

BASF SE · Germany

LG CHEMICAL LTD · South Korea

SABIC GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES BV · Netherlands

AIR LIQUIDE · France

UOP LLC · United States

DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC · United States

1,355

1,019

821

666

533

527

United States

16,120 international families

UOP LLC

DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES LLC

EXXONMOBIL CHEMICAL PATENTS INC

UNIV CALIFORNIA

DOW GLOBAL TECHNOLOGIES INC

EASTMAN CHEM CO

528

509

369

357

241

239

Japan

13,036 international families

SHINETSU CHEMICAL CO

FUJIFILM CORP

SUMITOMO CHEMICAL CO

DAIKIN IND LTD

MITSUBISHI GAS CHEMICAL CO

AGC INC

477

467

444

322

311

307

China

11,408 international families

CHINA PETROLEUM & CHEM CORP

GUANGDONG BRUNP RECYCLING TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

HUNAN BRUNP RECYCLING TECH CO LTD

DALIAN INST CHEM & PHYSICS CAS

CONTEMPORARY AMPEREX TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

UNIV ZHEJIANG

372

314

311

169

149

142

Germany

6,357 international families

BASF SE

EVONIK OPERATIONS GMBH

LINDE AG

EVONIK DEGUSSA GMBH

LINDE GMBH

MERCK PATENT GMBH

1,298

519

332

322

307

272

South Korea

5,716 international families

LG CHEMICAL LTD

SAMSUNG DISPLAY CO LTD

SAMSUNG SDI CO LTD

3.0% shared · 2,399 families in both

Japan

China

United States

South Korea

Germany

2,305

1,800

1,307

1,130

383

Crosswalk

How Chemicals & Hazardous Process Industry is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 4,792 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

Entry	Title in the scheme	Why it is chosen	CPC codes	IPC codes	Documents
C07C	Acyclic or carbocyclic compounds	Basic organic chemicals and petrochemical intermediates	3,606	3,116	7,967,691
C01B7/00	Halogens; Halogen acids	Chlorine, other halogens and their acids	37	14	37,420
C01B17/00	Sulfur; Compounds thereof	Sulfur and sulfuric acid	137	57	85,900
C01B21/00	Nitrogen; Compounds thereof	Nitrogen compounds, including nitric acid	126	41	83,118
C01B25/00	Phosphorus; Compounds thereof	Phosphorus and phosphoric acid	106	50	109,360
C01C	Ammonia; cyanogen; compounds thereof	Ammonia and cyanides	94	38	64,566
C01D	Compounds of alkali metals, i.e. lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, caesium, or francium	Alkali metal compounds: soda ash, caustic soda, salts	95	84	91,203
C25B1/00	Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals	Electrolytic production of inorganic chemicals, including chlor-alkali	38	33	93,189
C05	Fertilisers; manufacture thereof	Fertilisers and their manufacture	101	89	362,385
C06B	Explosives or thermic compositions; manufacture thereof; use of single substances as explosives	Explosives and their manufacture	141	118	96,517
C06C	Detonating or priming devices; fuses; chemical lighters; pyrophoric compositions	Detonators, fuses and priming devices	8	9	15,232
F25J3/00	Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification	Air separation and cryogenic separation of industrial gases	208	6	227,682
B01J8/00	Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes	Fluidised-bed and fixed-bed chemical reactors	107	24	322,133
B01J19/00	Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus	Chemical reactors and process apparatus in general	82	18	498,981
Y02P20/00	Technologies relating to chemical industry	Tagged chemical-industry process technologies	49	none	817,956
C05F	Organic fertilisers not covered by subclasses c05b, c05c, e.g. fertilisers from waste or refuse	Left out
C25B1/04	Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water	Left out

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Chemicals & Hazardous Process Industry: 4,935 codes on 8,538,862 documents. The 150 most used are listed; the full list is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

Code	Title	Under entry	How placed	Documents
Y02P20/52	Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using catalysts, e.g. selective catalysts	Y02P20/00	In the scheme	183,659
Y02P20/55	Design of synthesis routes, e.g. reducing the use of auxiliary or protecting groups	Y02P20/00	In the scheme	156,122
C07C2601/14	The ring being saturated	C07C	In the scheme	110,721
Y02P20/10	Process efficiency	Y02P20/00	In the scheme	100,619
Y02P20/582	Recycling of unreacted starting or intermediate materials	Y02P20/00	In the scheme	69,279
Y02P20/584	Recycling of catalysts	Y02P20/00	In the scheme	64,600
Y02P20/129	Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines	Y02P20/00	In the scheme	53,390
C07C2601/02	Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a three-membered ring	C07C	In the scheme	47,215
C05G3/00	Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity	C05	In the scheme	43,964
C07C2601/08	Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring the ring being saturated	C07C	In the scheme	41,664
Y02P20/54	Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals using solvents, e.g. supercritical solvents or ionic liquids	Y02P20/00	In the scheme	40,336
C07C2601/16	Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a six-membered ring the ring being unsaturated	C07C	In the scheme	36,013
Y02P20/145	Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin	Y02P20/00	In the scheme	35,659
C07C255/00	Carboxylic acid nitriles	C07C	In the scheme	34,971
C05G3/80	Soil conditioners	C05	In the scheme	33,200
C07C67/08	Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting carboxylic acids or symmetrical anhydrides with the hydroxy or O-metal group of organic compounds	C07C	In the scheme	30,165
B01J19/18	Stationary reactors having moving elements inside	B01J19/00	In the scheme	29,978
B01J19/0046	Sequential or parallel reactions, e.g. for the synthesis of polypeptides or polynucleotides; Apparatus and devices for combinatorial chemistry or for making molecular arrays	B01J19/00	In the scheme	27,892
C05B7/00	Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates	C05	In the scheme	26,770
Y02P20/151	Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2	Y02P20/00	In the scheme	26,181
Y02P20/133	Renewable energy sources, e.g. sunlight	Y02P20/00	In the scheme	26,080
B01J19/0013	Controlling the temperature of the process	B01J19/00	In the scheme	25,420
C07C2602/10	One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring the other ring being six-membered, e.g. tetraline	C07C	In the scheme	22,641
Y02P20/141	Feedstock	Y02P20/00	In the scheme	22,397
B01J19/0093	Microreactors, e.g. miniaturised or microfabricated reactors	B01J19/00	In the scheme	21,975
C07C323/00	Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups	C07C	In the scheme	21,665
C07C253/30	Preparation of carboxylic acid nitriles by reactions not involving the formation of cyano groups	C07C	In the scheme	21,184
C07C2601/04	Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a four-membered ring	C07C	In the scheme	21,156
C07C2602/08	One of the condensed rings being a six-membered aromatic ring the other ring being five-membered, e.g. indane	C07C	In the scheme	21,051
C07C2603/18	Fluorenes; Hydrogenated fluorenes	C07C	In the scheme	19,684
C07C271/22	Esters of carbamic acids having oxygen atoms of carbamate groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms with the nitrogen atoms of the carbamate groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms to carbon atoms of hydrocarbon radicals substituted by carboxyl groups	C07C	In the scheme	19,206
C01B25/45	Phosphates containing plural metal, or metal and ammonium	C01B25/00	In the scheme	19,097
B01J19/0053	Details of the reactor	B01J19/00	In the scheme	18,843
C07C231/02	Preparation of carboxylic acid amides from carboxylic acids or from esters, anhydrides, or halides thereof by reaction with ammonia or amines	C07C	In the scheme	18,683
C07C231/12	Preparation of carboxylic acid amides by reactions not involving the formation of carboxamide groups	C07C	In the scheme	18,457
B01J19/24	Stationary reactors without moving elements inside	B01J19/00	In the scheme	18,441
C07C2521/04	Alumina	C07C	In the scheme	18,421
Y02P20/143	Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics	Y02P20/00	In the scheme	17,321
C05G3/60	Biocides or preservatives, e.g. disinfectants, pesticides or herbicides; Pest repellants or attractants	C05	In the scheme	17,156
C07C51/412	Preparation of salts of carboxylic acids by conversion of the acids, their salts, esters or anhydrides with the same carboxylic acid part	C07C	In the scheme	16,724
C07C1/20	Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms	C07C	In the scheme	16,674
C07C45/50	Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reaction with carbon monoxide by oxo-reactions	C07C	In the scheme	16,503
B01J19/0066	Stirrers	B01J19/00	In the scheme	16,397
C07C2603/74	Adamantanes	C07C	In the scheme	16,366
C07C51/09	Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides from carboxylic acid esters or lactones	C07C	In the scheme	16,321
B01J19/00	Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus	B01J19/00	In the scheme	15,690
C07C43/23	Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing hydroxy or O-metal groups	C07C	In the scheme	15,343
C07C45/46	Friedel-Crafts reactions	C07C	In the scheme	14,893
C05D9/00	Other inorganic fertilisers	C05	In the scheme	14,884
C07C405/00	Compounds containing a five-membered ring having two side-chains in ortho position to each other, and having oxygen atoms directly attached to the ring in ortho position to one of the side-chains, one side-chain containing, not directly attached to the ring, a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, and the other side-chain having oxygen atoms attached in gamma-position to the ring, e.g. prostaglandins ; Analogues or derivatives thereof	C07C	In the scheme	14,698
C07C201/12	Preparation of nitro compounds by reactions not involving the formation of nitro groups	C07C	In the scheme	14,599
C07C317/44	Sulfones; Sulfoxides having sulfone or sulfoxide groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton	C07C	In the scheme	14,500
C07C49/84	Ketones containing a keto group bound to a six-membered aromatic ring containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups	C07C	In the scheme	14,403
C07C67/03	Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by reacting an ester group with a hydroxy group	C07C	In the scheme	14,223
C07C213/02	Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions involving the formation of amino groups from compounds containing hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups	C07C	In the scheme	14,002
C07C17/25	Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by splitting-off hydrogen halides from halogenated hydrocarbons	C07C	In the scheme	13,775
C07C7/04	Purification; Separation; Use of additives by distillation	C07C	In the scheme	13,683
B01J19/088	Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing electric or magnetic energy giving rise to electric discharges	B01J19/00	In the scheme	13,454
F25J3/0233	Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream characterised by the separated product stream separation of CnHm with 1 carbon atom or more	F25J3/00	In the scheme	13,372
C05G5/12	Granules or flakes	C05	In the scheme	13,340
C07C45/71	Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction with functional groups containing oxygen only in singly bound form being hydroxy groups	C07C	In the scheme	13,217
C07C2602/42	Systems containing two condensed rings the rings having more than two atoms in common the bicyclo ring system containing seven carbon atoms	C07C	In the scheme	13,210
B01J19/0006	Controlling or regulating processes	B01J19/00	In the scheme	13,031
C07C29/80	Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment by distillation	C07C	In the scheme	12,991
C05D9/02	Other inorganic fertilisers containing trace elements	C05	In the scheme	12,842
C07C51/43	Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change of the physical state, e.g. crystallisation	C07C	In the scheme	12,816
Y02P20/50	Improvements relating to the production of bulk chemicals	Y02P20/00	In the scheme	12,695
C07C45/63	Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by introduction of halogen; by substitution of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms	C07C	In the scheme	12,670
C07C51/252	Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of unsaturated compounds containing no six-membered aromatic ring of propene, butenes, acrolein or methacrolein	C07C	In the scheme	12,644
C07C309/00	Sulfonic acids; Halides, esters, or anhydrides thereof	C07C	In the scheme	12,548
C07C7/005	Processes comprising at least two steps in series	C07C	In the scheme	12,519
C07C323/60	Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton with the carbon atom of at least one of the carboxyl groups bound to nitrogen atoms	C07C	In the scheme	12,358
B01J19/26	Nozzle-type reactors, i.e. the distribution of the initial reactants within the reactor is effected by their introduction or injection through nozzles	B01J19/00	In the scheme	12,354
C07C237/22	Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by amino groups having the carbon atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton having nitrogen atoms of amino groups bound to the carbon skeleton of the acid part, further acylated	C07C	In the scheme	12,325
C07C51/42	Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives	C07C	In the scheme	12,079
C07C67/343	Preparation of carboxylic acid esters by modifying the acid moiety of the ester, such modification not being an introduction of an ester group by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms	C07C	In the scheme	12,018
C07C51/44	Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change of the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation	C07C	In the scheme	11,591
C07C2529/70	Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of types characterised by their specific structure not provided for in groups C07C2529/08 - C07C2529/65	C07C	In the scheme	11,448
C07C51/265	Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by oxidation with molecular oxygen of compounds containing six-membered aromatic rings without ring-splitting having alkyl side chains which are oxidised to carboxyl groups	C07C	In the scheme	11,380
C07C2521/08	Silica	C07C	In the scheme	11,346
C07C45/68	Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms	C07C	In the scheme	11,328
B01J8/24	Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with fluidised particles according to "fluidised-bed" technique	B01J8/00	In the scheme	11,325
B01J19/32	Packing elements in the form of grids or built-up elements for forming a unit or module inside the apparatus for mass or heat transfer	B01J19/00	In the scheme	11,324
C05C9/00	Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds	C05	In the scheme	11,241
C07C2601/18	Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a ring being at least seven-membered	C07C	In the scheme	11,113
C07C69/54	Acrylic acid esters; Methacrylic acid esters	C07C	In the scheme	11,000
C07C43/225	Ethers having an ether-oxygen atom bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring containing halogen	C07C	In the scheme	10,924
C07C2529/40	Crystalline aluminosilicate zeolites; Isomorphous compounds thereof of the pentasil type, e.g. types ZSM-5, ZSM-8 or ZSM-11	C07C	In the scheme	10,918
C07C69/76	Esters of carboxylic acids having a carboxyl group bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring	C07C	In the scheme	10,842
C05G5/20	Liquid fertilisers	C05	In the scheme	10,790
C07C311/29	Sulfonamides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by singly-bound oxygen atoms having the sulfur atom of at least one of the sulfonamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring	C07C	In the scheme	10,752
C07C2601/10	Systems containing only non-condensed rings with a five-membered ring the ring being unsaturated	C07C	In the scheme	10,730
C07C29/149	Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of carboxylic acids or derivatives thereof with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases	C07C	In the scheme	10,723
C07C67/54	Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by change in the physical state, e.g. crystallisation by distillation	C07C	In the scheme	10,663
C05B17/00	Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal	C05	In the scheme	10,569
C07C45/673	Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by change of size of the carbon skeleton	C07C	In the scheme	10,402
B01J8/0285	Heating or cooling the reactor	B01J8/00	In the scheme	10,391
B01J8/067	Heating or cooling the reactor	B01J8/00	In the scheme	10,390
C07C2/66	Catalytic processes	C07C	In the scheme	10,382
C07C407/00	Preparation of peroxy compounds	C07C	In the scheme	10,329
F25J3/0209	Natural gas or substitute natural gas	F25J3/00	In the scheme	10,152
C07C319/20	Preparation of thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides of sulfides by reactions not involving the formation of sulfide groups	C07C	In the scheme	10,109
C25B1/02	Hydrogen or oxygen	C25B1/00	In the scheme	10,007
C07C51/487	Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by treatment giving rise to chemical modification	C07C	In the scheme	9,989
C07C2603/24	Anthracenes; Hydrogenated anthracenes	C07C	In the scheme	9,902
F25J3/04412	Processes or apparatus for separating the constituents of gaseous or liquefied gaseous mixtures involving the use of liquefaction or solidification by rectification, i.e. by continuous interchange of heat and material between a vapour stream and a liquid stream for air using a dual pressure main column system in a classical double column flowsheet, i.e. with thermal coupling by a main reboiler-condenser in the bottom of low pressure respectively top of high pressure column	F25J3/00	In the scheme	9,892
C07C211/61	Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings being part of condensed ring systems of the carbon skeleton with at least one of the condensed ring systems formed by three or more rings	C07C	In the scheme	9,814
C25B1/26	Chlorine; Compounds thereof	C25B1/00	In the scheme	9,781
C07C213/08	Preparation of compounds containing amino and hydroxy, amino and etherified hydroxy or amino and esterified hydroxy groups bound to the same carbon skeleton by reactions not involving the formation of amino groups, hydroxy groups or etherified or esterified hydroxy groups	C07C	In the scheme	9,753
B01J19/10	Processes employing the direct application of electric or wave energy, or particle radiation; Apparatus therefor employing sonic or ultrasonic vibrations	B01J19/00	In the scheme	9,708
B01J19/123	Ultraviolet light	B01J19/00	In the scheme	9,681
C07C323/62	Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atom of at least one of the thio groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring of the carbon skeleton	C07C	In the scheme	9,656
B01J8/0278	Feeding reactive fluids	B01J8/00	In the scheme	9,631
C07C21/18	Acyclic unsaturated compounds containing halogen atoms containing carbon-to-carbon double bonds containing fluorine	C07C	In the scheme	9,595
C07C29/141	Preparation of compounds having hydroxy or O-metal groups bound to a carbon atom not belonging to a six-membered aromatic ring by reduction of an oxygen containing functional group of >C=O containing groups, e.g. —COOH of a —CHO group with hydrogen or hydrogen-containing gases	C07C	In the scheme	9,571
C07C2521/06	Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof	C07C	In the scheme	9,550
B01J8/02	Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds	B01J8/00	In the scheme	9,542
C05G5/30	Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings	C05	In the scheme	9,447
C07C51/12	Preparation of carboxylic acids or their salts, halides or anhydrides by reaction with carbon monoxide on an oxygen-containing group in organic compounds, e.g. alcohols	C07C	In the scheme	9,388
B01J19/02	Apparatus characterised by being constructed of material selected for its chemically-resistant properties	B01J19/00	In the scheme	9,363
C07C259/06	Compounds containing carboxyl groups, an oxygen atom of a carboxyl group being replaced by a nitrogen atom, this nitrogen atom being further bound to an oxygen atom and not being part of nitro or nitroso groups without replacement of the other oxygen atom of the carboxyl group, e.g. hydroxamic acids having carbon atoms of hydroxamic groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms	C07C	In the scheme	9,269
C07C211/54	Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to two or three six-membered aromatic rings	C07C	In the scheme	9,213
B01J8/008	Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction	B01J8/00	In the scheme	9,177
B01J19/006	Baffles	B01J19/00	In the scheme	9,127
C07C227/18	Preparation of compounds containing amino and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton from compounds containing already amino and carboxyl groups or derivatives thereof by reactions involving amino or carboxyl groups, e.g. hydrolysis of esters or amides, by formation of halides, salts or esters	C07C	In the scheme	9,123
B01J19/2415	Tubular reactors	B01J19/00	In the scheme	9,096
C07C311/08	Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of an acyclic saturated carbon skeleton having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the sulfonamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring	C07C	In the scheme	9,028
C07C1/24	Preparation of hydrocarbons from one or more compounds, none of them being a hydrocarbon starting from organic compounds containing only oxygen atoms as heteroatoms by elimination of water	C07C	In the scheme	9,011
C07C17/38	Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives	C07C	In the scheme	9,009
C07C45/74	Preparation of compounds having >C = O groups bound only to carbon or hydrogen atoms; Preparation of chelates of such compounds by reactions not involving the formation of >C = O groups by isomerisation; by change of size of the carbon skeleton by increase in the number of carbon atoms by reaction of compounds containing >C = O groups with the same or other compounds containing >C = O groups combined with dehydration	C07C	In the scheme	9,006
C07C59/68	Unsaturated compounds containing ether groups, groups, groups, or groups containing six-membered aromatic rings the non-carboxylic part of the ether containing six-membered aromatic rings the oxygen atom of the ether group being bound to a non-condensed six-membered aromatic ring	C07C	In the scheme	8,983
C07C29/76	Separation; Purification; Use of additives, e.g. for stabilisation by physical treatment	C07C	In the scheme	8,961
C07C17/206	Preparation of halogenated hydrocarbons by replacement by halogens of halogen atoms by other halogen atoms two or more compounds being involved in the reaction the other compound being HX	C07C	In the scheme	8,955
C07C311/21	Sulfonamides having sulfur atoms of sulfonamide groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atom of at least one of the sulfonamide groups bound to a carbon atom of a six-membered aromatic ring	C07C	In the scheme	8,915
C07C2531/22	Organic complexes	C07C	In the scheme	8,905
C07C235/34	Carboxylic acid amides, the carbon skeleton of the acid part being further substituted by oxygen atoms having carbon atoms of carboxamide groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms and singly-bound oxygen atoms bound to the same carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton containing six-membered aromatic rings having the nitrogen atoms of the carboxamide groups bound to hydrogen atoms or to acyclic carbon atoms	C07C	In the scheme	8,903
C07C323/52	Thiols, sulfides, hydropolysulfides or polysulfides substituted by halogen, oxygen or nitrogen atoms, or by sulfur atoms not being part of thio groups containing thio groups and carboxyl groups bound to the same carbon skeleton having the sulfur atoms of the thio groups bound to acyclic carbon atoms of the carbon skeleton the carbon skeleton being acyclic and saturated	C07C	In the scheme	8,896
C07C2523/755	Nickel	C07C	In the scheme	8,891
C25B1/00	Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals	C25B1/00	In the scheme	8,839
B01J8/1827	Feeding of the fluidising gas the fluidising gas being a reactant	B01J8/00	In the scheme	8,828
C07C51/47	Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by solid-liquid treatment; by chemisorption	C07C	In the scheme	8,819
C07C51/48	Separation; Purification; Stabilisation; Use of additives by liquid-liquid treatment	C07C	In the scheme	8,773
C07C69/96	Esters of carbonic or haloformic acids	C07C	In the scheme	8,769
C07C5/48	Preparation of hydrocarbons from hydrocarbons containing the same number of carbon atoms by dehydrogenation with a hydrogen acceptor with oxygen as an acceptor	C07C	In the scheme	8,729
C05G5/23	Solutions	C05	In the scheme	8,693
B01J19/126	Microwaves	B01J19/00	In the scheme	8,617
C07C7/12	Purification; Separation; Use of additives by adsorption, i.e. purification or separation of hydrocarbons with the aid of solids, e.g. with ion-exchangers	C07C	In the scheme	8,570
B01J8/1836	Heating and cooling the reactor	B01J8/00	In the scheme	8,563
C07C69/734	Ethers	C07C	In the scheme	8,525
C07C317/00	Sulfones; Sulfoxides	C07C	In the scheme	8,474

Match: Direct

The capability is itself a technology or a kind of physical system, and the classification names it. C07C is very broad and includes fine-chemical intermediates; polymers (C08) and catalysts (B01J21/00 onward) are left out to limit breadth. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

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