Strategic Infrastructure

Core & Backbone Networks

Core and backbone networks covers fixed and interconnection infrastructure, including national and metropolitan fibre routes, long-haul microwave links, exchanges, fixed access networks and internet exchange points. One of the capabilities of Communications & Digital Infrastructure.

International families: 102k2015 to 2024
Leading country: United States1.0× the next
All families: 346khome filings included
Over five years: Falling2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

United States

China

Japan

South Korea

Germany

Sweden

France

Taiwan

Finland

United Kingdom

26,336

26,166

15,255

6,683

4,804

3,689

2,567

2,345

2,279

1,485


1	United States	26,336	25.9%	0.8×	60,150
2	China	26,166	25.7%	1.1×	205,244
3	Japan	15,255	15.0%	0.9×	26,097
4	South Korea	6,683	6.6%	1.1×	18,382
5	Germany	4,804	4.7%	0.8×	6,481
6	Sweden	3,689	3.6%	1.0×	3,764
7	France	2,567	2.5%	0.6×	3,175
8	Taiwan	2,345	2.3%	0.9×	3,645
9	Finland	2,279	2.2%	1.5×	2,476
10	United Kingdom	1,485	1.5%	0.7×	1,983
11	Canada	1,469	1.4%	0.7×	1,967
12	India	1,349	1.3%	3.3×	1,727
13	Singapore	978	1.0%	2.5×	1,395
14	Netherlands	938	0.9%	0.9×	1,010
15	Israel	853	0.8%	1.2×	1,681
16	Switzerland	784	0.8%	0.9×	928
17	Italy	420	0.4%	0.7×	545
18	Cayman Islands	369	0.4%	0.1×	426
19	Ireland	286	0.3%	0.6×	403
20	Belgium	280	0.3%	0.4×	305
21	Australia	269	0.3%	0.7×	409
22	Türkiye	259	0.3%	0.9×	830
23	Austria	226	0.2%	0.5×	246
24	Spain	159	0.2%	0.8×	198
25	Hong Kong	158	0.2%	0.5×	238
26	Russia	142	0.1%	0.5×	661
27	Denmark	106	0.1%	1.4×	123
28	Brazil	88	0.1%	0.6×	249
29	Saudi Arabia	80	0.1%	0.8×	138
30	Norway	74	0.1%	0.8×	91
31	Luxembourg	68	0.1%	0.5×	83
32	Poland	61	0.1%	0.8×	213
33	Malaysia	51	0.1%	0.5×	89
34	Portugal	45	0.0%	2.0×	54
35	Czechia	37	0.0%	0.5×	67
36	New Zealand	26	0.0%	0.9×	30
37	South Africa	22	0.0%	0.7×	24
38	Liechtenstein	13	0.0%	3.3×	15
39	Mexico	10	0.0%	0.4×	55
40	Hungary	5	0.0%	1.5×	10

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Core & Backbone Networks. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

101,617 international families

HUAWEI TECH CO LTD · China

ZTE CORP · China

ERICSSON TELEFON AB L M · Sweden

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD · South Korea

NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE · Japan

QUALCOMM INC · United States

9,747

4,152

3,283

2,580

2,286

1,823

United States

26,336 international families

QUALCOMM INC

MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC

INTEL CORP

CISCO TECH INC

JUNIPER NETWORKS INC

HEWLETT PACKARD ENTPR DEV LP

1,776

1,417

1,195

1,058

809

696

China

26,166 international families

HUAWEI TECH CO LTD

ZTE CORP

GUANGDONG OPPO MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP LTD

VIVO MOBILE COMMUNICATION CO LTD

BEIJING XIAOMI MOBILE SOFTWARE CO LTD

OPPO GUANGDONG MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS CO LTD

9,464

4,151

648

482

468

448

Japan

15,255 international families

NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE

NEC CORP

FUJITSU LTD

SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES

MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORP

NTT INC

2,286

1,417

1,407

943

847

615

South Korea

6,683 international families

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

LG ELECTRONICS INC

ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS RES INST

HYUNDAI MOTOR CO LTD

KIA MOTORS CORP

KIA CORP

2,575

1,002

459

343

202

192

Germany

4,804 international families

BOSCH GMBH ROBERT

SIEMENS AG

DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG

2.5% shared · 3,467 families in both

China

United States

Japan

South Korea

France

11,427

11,259

6,437

6,383

1,042

Crosswalk

How Core & Backbone Networks is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 1,702 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

Entry	Title in the scheme	Why it is chosen	CPC codes	IPC codes	Documents
H04B10/00	Transmission systems employing electromagnetic waves other than radio-waves, e.g. infrared, visible or ultraviolet light, or employing corpuscular radiation, e.g. quantum communication	Optical fibre and optical transmission systems	195	95	690,760
H04J14/00	Optical multiplex systems	Optical wavelength multiplexing	98	6	174,445
H04J3/00	Time-division multiplex systems	Time-division multiplexing and transport networks	79	18	226,151
H04Q11/00	Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems	Optical and multiplex switching, passive optical networks	72	8	239,876
H04Q3/00	Selecting arrangements	Exchange switching arrangements	94	45	178,719
H04B3/00	Line transmission systems	Wireline transmission systems	57	38	170,080
H04L12/00	Data switching networks	Data switching networks	333	123	1,247,201
H04L41/00	Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks	Management of data networks	195	80	997,224
H04L45/00	Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks	Packet routing	91	50	563,510
H04L47/00	Traffic control in data switching networks	Traffic control in data networks	142	69	646,741
H04L49/00	Packet switching elements	Packet switches	106	40	258,934
H04M3/00	Automatic or semi-automatic exchanges	Telephone exchanges	196	46	500,626
H04M7/00	Arrangements for interconnection between switching centres	Interconnection between switching centres	59	10	96,343
G02B6/44	Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables	Optical fibre cables	86	2	229,481

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Core & Backbone Networks: 1,803 codes on 5,870,812 documents. The 150 most used are listed; the full list is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

Code	Title	Under entry	How placed	Documents
H04L12/66	Arrangements for connecting between networks having differing types of switching systems, e.g. gateways	H04L12/00	In the scheme	55,790
H04L41/12	Discovery or management of network topologies	H04L41/00	In the scheme	49,456
H04L12/28	Data switching networks characterised by path configuration, e.g. LAN [Local Area Networks] or WAN [Wide Area Networks]	H04L12/00	In the scheme	47,858
H04L47/10	Flow control; Congestion control	H04L47/00	In the scheme	44,797
H04L12/4641	Virtual LANs, VLANs, e.g. virtual private networks [VPN]	H04L12/00	In the scheme	38,596
H04L41/0806	Configuration setting for initial configuration or provisioning, e.g. plug-and-play	H04L41/00	In the scheme	37,546
H04L41/145	Network analysis or design involving simulating, designing, planning or modelling of a network	H04L41/00	In the scheme	36,845
H04L41/16	Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using machine learning or artificial intelligence	H04L41/00	In the scheme	35,816
H04L41/22	Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks comprising specially adapted graphical user interfaces [GUI]	H04L41/00	In the scheme	35,394
H04L41/0803	Configuration setting	H04L41/00	In the scheme	35,378
H04L45/02	Topology update or discovery	H04L45/00	In the scheme	35,114
H04L12/4633	Interconnection of networks using encapsulation techniques, e.g. tunneling	H04L12/00	In the scheme	33,873
H04L45/28	Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using route fault recovery	H04L45/00	In the scheme	30,326
H04L45/74	Address processing for routing	H04L45/00	In the scheme	29,535
H04Q11/0478	Provisions for broadband connections	H04Q11/00	In the scheme	28,860
H04L41/40	Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks using virtualisation of network functions or resources, e.g. SDN or NFV entities	H04L41/00	In the scheme	28,442
H04L45/00	Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks	H04L45/00	In the scheme	28,419
H04L41/0893	Assignment of logical groups to network elements	H04L41/00	In the scheme	28,076
H04L47/125	Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion by balancing the load, e.g. traffic engineering	H04L47/00	In the scheme	27,830
H04L45/22	Alternate routing	H04L45/00	In the scheme	27,029
H04L41/0894	Policy-based network configuration management	H04L41/00	In the scheme	26,971
H04L2012/40215	Controller Area Network CAN	H04L12/00	In the scheme	26,761
H04L47/70	Admission control; Resource allocation	H04L47/00	In the scheme	26,000
H04L12/40	Bus networks	H04L12/00	In the scheme	25,774
H04L12/2803	Home automation networks	H04L12/00	In the scheme	25,530
H04L12/189	Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast in combination with wireless systems	H04L12/00	In the scheme	24,611
H04L41/0895	Configuration of virtualised networks or elements, e.g. virtualised network function or OpenFlow elements	H04L41/00	In the scheme	24,588
H04L12/12	Arrangements for remote connection or disconnection of substations or of equipment thereof	H04L12/00	In the scheme	24,102
H04L2012/40273	Bus for use in transportation systems the transportation system being a vehicle	H04L12/00	In the scheme	23,878
H04L41/082	Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings the condition being updates or upgrades of network functionality	H04L41/00	In the scheme	23,615
H04M7/006	Networks other than PSTN/ISDN providing telephone service, e.g. Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP), including next generation networks with a packet-switched transport layer	H04M7/00	In the scheme	23,210
H04L45/24	Multipath	H04L45/00	In the scheme	23,005
H04L41/0631	Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using root cause analysis; using analysis of correlation between notifications, alarms or events based on decision criteria, e.g. hierarchy, tree or time analysis	H04L41/00	In the scheme	22,264
H04B3/54	Systems for transmission via power distribution lines	H04B3/00	In the scheme	22,262
H04L41/0816	Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings the condition being an adaptation, e.g. in response to network events	H04L41/00	In the scheme	21,665
H04B10/40	Transceivers	H04B10/00	In the scheme	21,646
H04L45/50	Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using label swapping, e.g. multi-protocol label switch [MPLS]	H04L45/00	In the scheme	21,024
H04L47/24	Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS	H04L47/00	In the scheme	21,005
H04L12/14	Charging, metering or billing arrangements specially adapted for data communications, e.g. authentication, authorisation and accounting [AAA] framework	H04L12/00	In the scheme	20,945
H04L45/04	Interdomain routing, e.g. hierarchical routing	H04L45/00	In the scheme	20,781
H04L12/18	Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast	H04L12/00	In the scheme	20,145
H04L47/2441	Traffic characterised by specific attributes, e.g. priority or QoS relying on flow classification, e.g. using integrated services [IntServ]	H04L47/00	In the scheme	19,708
H04Q11/04	Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems for time-division multiplexing	H04Q11/00	In the scheme	19,597
H04L12/6418	Hybrid transport	H04L12/00	In the scheme	19,394
H04L49/90	Buffering arrangements	H04L49/00	In the scheme	19,349
H04Q11/0067	Provisions for optical access or distribution networks, e.g. Gigabit Ethernet Passive Optical Network (GE-PON), ATM-based Passive Optical Network (A-PON), PON-Ring	H04Q11/00	In the scheme	19,300
H04L45/745	Address table lookup; Address filtering	H04L45/00	In the scheme	18,831
H04L41/0896	Bandwidth or capacity management, i.e. automatically increasing or decreasing capacities	H04L41/00	In the scheme	18,747
H04L41/147	Network analysis or design for predicting network behaviour	H04L41/00	In the scheme	18,618
H04Q11/0005	Switch and router aspects	H04Q11/00	In the scheme	18,611
H04L41/06	Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications	H04L41/00	In the scheme	18,606
H04L12/10	Current supply arrangements	H04L12/00	In the scheme	18,378
H04L41/142	Network analysis or design using statistical or mathematical methods	H04L41/00	In the scheme	17,919
H04L47/32	Flow control; Congestion control by discarding or delaying data units, e.g. packets or frames	H04L47/00	In the scheme	17,862
H04L41/0213	Standardised network management protocols, e.g. simple network management protocol [SNMP]	H04L41/00	In the scheme	17,836
H04B10/116	Visible light communication	H04B10/00	In the scheme	17,224
H04L12/282	Controlling appliance services of a home automation network by calling their functionalities based on user interaction within the home	H04L12/00	In the scheme	17,134
H04B10/25	Arrangements specific to fibre transmission	H04B10/00	In the scheme	17,063
H04L12/4625	Single bridge functionality, e.g. connection of two networks over a single bridge	H04L12/00	In the scheme	16,598
H04L45/16	Multipoint routing	H04L45/00	In the scheme	16,450
H04M3/56	Arrangements for connecting several subscribers to a common circuit, i.e. affording conference facilities	H04M3/00	In the scheme	16,170
H04M3/42	Systems providing special services or facilities to subscribers	H04M3/00	In the scheme	15,729
H04L41/5009	Determining service level performance parameters or violations of service level contracts, e.g. violations of agreed response time or mean time between failures [MTBF]	H04L41/00	In the scheme	15,684
H04L12/1822	Conducting the conference, e.g. admission, detection, selection or grouping of participants, correlating users to one or more conference sessions, prioritising transmission	H04L12/00	In the scheme	15,657
H04Q11/0062	Network aspects	H04Q11/00	In the scheme	15,508
H04L41/0654	Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using network fault recovery	H04L41/00	In the scheme	15,186
H04L41/069	Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using logs of notifications; Post-processing of notifications	H04L41/00	In the scheme	15,029
H04L45/64	Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks using an overlay routing layer	H04L45/00	In the scheme	14,983
H04L41/046	Network management architectures or arrangements comprising network management agents or mobile agents therefor	H04L41/00	In the scheme	14,660
H04L12/185	Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast with management of multicast group membership	H04L12/00	In the scheme	14,636
H04L41/0677	Localisation of faults	H04L41/00	In the scheme	14,609
H04L45/38	Flow based routing	H04L45/00	In the scheme	14,459
H04L47/20	Traffic policing	H04L47/00	In the scheme	14,297
H04L47/283	Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations in response to processing delays, e.g. caused by jitter or round trip time [RTT]	H04L47/00	In the scheme	14,155
H04L12/5601	Transfer mode dependent, e.g. ATM	H04L12/00	In the scheme	14,086
H04L41/00	Arrangements for maintenance, administration or management of data switching networks, e.g. of packet switching networks	H04L41/00	In the scheme	14,004
H04L12/403	Bus networks with centralised control, e.g. polling	H04L12/00	In the scheme	13,974
H04L47/12	Avoiding congestion; Recovering from congestion	H04L47/00	In the scheme	13,895
H04L47/30	Flow control; Congestion control in combination with information about buffer occupancy at either end or at transit nodes	H04L47/00	In the scheme	13,845
H04L41/0853	Retrieval of network configuration; Tracking network configuration history by actively collecting configuration information or by backing up configuration information	H04L41/00	In the scheme	13,767
H04L41/0823	Configuration setting characterised by the purposes of a change of settings, e.g. optimising configuration for enhancing reliability	H04L41/00	In the scheme	13,736
H04L12/46	Interconnection of networks	H04L12/00	In the scheme	13,720
H04L41/0813	Configuration setting characterised by the conditions triggering a change of settings	H04L41/00	In the scheme	13,642
H04L47/34	Flow control; Congestion control ensuring sequence integrity, e.g. using sequence numbers	H04L47/00	In the scheme	13,442
H04L47/50	Queue scheduling	H04L47/00	In the scheme	13,377
H04L2012/2841	Wireless	H04L12/00	In the scheme	13,331
H04L12/2816	Controlling appliance services of a home automation network by calling their functionalities	H04L12/00	In the scheme	13,241
H04L47/805	QOS or priority aware	H04L47/00	In the scheme	12,975
H04L41/0668	Management of faults, events, alarms or notifications using network fault recovery by dynamic selection of recovery network elements, e.g. replacement by the most appropriate element after failure	H04L41/00	In the scheme	12,948
H04M3/493	Interactive information services, e.g. directory enquiries ; Arrangements therefor, e.g. interactive voice response [IVR] systems or voice portals	H04M3/00	In the scheme	12,737
H04L45/54	Organization of routing tables	H04L45/00	In the scheme	12,697
H04M3/436	Arrangements for screening incoming calls, i.e. evaluating the characteristics of a call before deciding whether to answer it	H04M3/00	In the scheme	12,605
H04L47/11	Identifying congestion	H04L47/00	In the scheme	12,514
H04M3/533	Voice mail systems	H04M3/00	In the scheme	12,508
H04Q3/00	Selecting arrangements	H04Q3/00	In the scheme	12,320
H04L41/0663	Performing the actions predefined by failover planning, e.g. switching to standby network elements	H04L41/00	In the scheme	12,108
H04B10/27	Arrangements for networking	H04B10/00	In the scheme	12,080
H04L45/42	Centralised routing	H04L45/00	In the scheme	12,054
H04L41/14	Network analysis or design	H04L41/00	In the scheme	12,022
H04J3/0667	Bidirectional timestamps, e.g. NTP or PTP for compensation of clock drift and for compensation of propagation delays	H04J3/00	In the scheme	11,907
H04L12/40006	Architecture of a communication node	H04L12/00	In the scheme	11,659
H04L41/5054	Automatic deployment of services triggered by the service manager, e.g. service implementation by automatic configuration of network components	H04L41/00	In the scheme	11,658
H04L47/2416	Real-time traffic	H04L47/00	In the scheme	11,646
H04M3/42059	Making use of the calling party identifier	H04M3/00	In the scheme	11,588
H04L2012/2849	Audio/video appliances	H04L12/00	In the scheme	11,573
H04L41/0886	Fully automatic configuration	H04L41/00	In the scheme	11,494
G02B6/44528	Patch-cords; Connector arrangements in the system or in the box	G02B6/44	In the scheme	11,374
H04J14/0227	Operation, administration, maintenance or provisioning [OAMP] of WDM networks, e.g. media access, routing or wavelength allocation	H04J14/00	In the scheme	11,358
H04L45/12	Shortest path evaluation	H04L45/00	In the scheme	11,349
H04L12/2801	Broadband local area networks	H04L12/00	In the scheme	11,326
H04L12/1827	Network arrangements for conference optimisation or adaptation	H04L12/00	In the scheme	11,169
H04L47/28	Flow control; Congestion control in relation to timing considerations	H04L47/00	In the scheme	11,167
H04L12/413	Bus networks with decentralised control with random access, e.g. carrier-sense multiple-access with collision detection [CSMA-CD]	H04L12/00	In the scheme	11,132
H04M3/42042	Notifying the called party of information on the calling party	H04M3/00	In the scheme	11,111
H04L49/25	Routing or path finding in a switch fabric	H04L49/00	In the scheme	10,952
H04Q3/0029	Provisions for intelligent networking	H04Q3/00	In the scheme	10,909
H04L2012/285	Generic home appliances, e.g. refrigerators	H04L12/00	In the scheme	10,880
H04L49/351	Switches specially adapted for specific applications for local area network [LAN], e.g. Ethernet switches	H04L49/00	In the scheme	10,870
H04L47/822	Collecting or measuring resource availability data	H04L47/00	In the scheme	10,827
H04L47/15	Flow control; Congestion control in relation to multipoint traffic	H04L47/00	In the scheme	10,745
H04L49/30	Peripheral units, e.g. input or output ports	H04L49/00	In the scheme	10,622
H04L12/1407	Policy-and-charging control [PCC] architecture	H04L12/00	In the scheme	10,587
H04L12/2856	Access arrangements, e.g. Internet access	H04L12/00	In the scheme	10,428
H04B10/70	Photonic quantum communication	H04B10/00	In the scheme	10,414
H04L12/1818	Conference organisation arrangements, e.g. handling schedules, setting up parameters needed by nodes to attend a conference, booking network resources, notifying involved parties	H04L12/00	In the scheme	10,406
H04B10/516	Details of coding or modulation	H04B10/00	In the scheme	10,399
H04L45/306	Route determination based on the nature of the carried application	H04L45/00	In the scheme	10,301
H04B10/503	Laser transmitters	H04B10/00	In the scheme	10,276
H04L12/2809	Exchanging configuration information on appliance services in a home automation network indicating that an appliance service is present in a home automation network	H04L12/00	In the scheme	10,208
H04L12/40013	Details regarding a bus controller	H04L12/00	In the scheme	9,985
H04B10/60	Receivers	H04B10/00	In the scheme	9,928
H04L47/2433	Allocation of priorities to traffic types	H04L47/00	In the scheme	9,873
H04L49/70	Virtual switches	H04L49/00	In the scheme	9,790
H04B3/542	Systems for transmission via power distribution lines the information being in digital form	H04B3/00	In the scheme	9,619
G02B6/443	Protective covering	G02B6/44	In the scheme	9,571
H04M3/54	Arrangements for diverting calls for one subscriber to another predetermined subscriber	H04M3/00	In the scheme	9,543
H04J14/02	Wavelength-division multiplex systems	H04J14/00	In the scheme	9,517
H04L45/586	Association of routers of virtual routers	H04L45/00	In the scheme	9,477
H04L47/83	Admission control; Resource allocation based on usage prediction	H04L47/00	In the scheme	9,477
H04B3/46	Monitoring; Testing	H04B3/00	In the scheme	9,475
H04J3/0682	Clock or time synchronisation in a network by delay compensation, e.g. by compensation of propagation delay or variations thereof, by ranging	H04J3/00	In the scheme	9,354
H04L12/44	Star or tree networks	H04L12/00	In the scheme	9,317
H04B10/50	Transmitters	H04B10/00	In the scheme	9,203
H04L12/2818	Controlling appliance services of a home automation network by calling their functionalities from a device located outside both the home and the home network	H04L12/00	In the scheme	9,171
H04L12/00	Data switching networks	H04L12/00	In the scheme	9,138
H04L12/56	Packet switching systems	H04L12/00	In the scheme	9,126
H04L49/3009	Header conversion, routing tables or routing tags	H04L49/00	In the scheme	9,107
H04L45/66	Layer 2 routing, e.g. in Ethernet based MAN's	H04L45/00	In the scheme	9,086
H04J3/14	Monitoring arrangements	H04J3/00	In the scheme	9,075
H04L12/437	Ring fault isolation or reconfiguration	H04L12/00	In the scheme	9,055

Match: Direct

The capability is itself a technology or a kind of physical system, and the classification names it. H04L12/00 also holds local and home networks, and H04B10/00 includes free-space and quantum optical links. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

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