Critical Technology

Privacy, Identity & Trust Technologies

The capacity to establish digital trust: privacy-enhancing technologies, digital identity, cryptographic and distributed systems of record, and the technologies that let strangers transact and states verify. One of the capabilities of Connectivity, Cyber & Trust Technologies.

International families: 71k2015 to 2024
Leading country: United States1.5× the next
All families: 283khome filings included
Over five years: Steady2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

United States

China

Japan

South Korea

Germany

France

United Kingdom

Sweden

Taiwan

Switzerland

20,167

13,819

8,702

6,734

3,966

2,432

1,583

1,527

1,526

1,283


1	United States	20,167	28.4%	0.9×	49,631
2	China	13,819	19.5%	1.0×	164,060
3	Japan	8,702	12.3%	1.0×	15,208
4	South Korea	6,734	9.5%	1.2×	23,728
5	Germany	3,966	5.6%	1.1×	5,468
6	France	2,432	3.4%	0.9×	3,026
7	United Kingdom	1,583	2.2%	0.8×	2,135
8	Sweden	1,527	2.2%	1.0×	1,607
9	Taiwan	1,526	2.2%	0.8×	3,172
10	Switzerland	1,283	1.8%	1.7×	1,606
11	Canada	1,123	1.6%	0.8×	1,797
12	Cayman Islands	1,037	1.5%	0.1×	1,160
13	Finland	957	1.3%	1.3×	1,042
14	Netherlands	783	1.1%	0.9×	926
15	Singapore	754	1.1%	1.5×	1,074
16	India	609	0.9%	1.8×	1,026
17	Israel	581	0.8%	0.8×	1,068
18	Australia	364	0.5%	0.9×	581
19	Italy	311	0.4%	1.1×	500
20	Ireland	239	0.3%	0.8×	358
21	Spain	226	0.3%	1.3×	285
22	Russia	226	0.3%	0.4×	538
23	Türkiye	224	0.3%	1.7×	440
24	Hong Kong	188	0.3%	0.4×	265
25	Austria	127	0.2%	1.0×	144
26	Denmark	114	0.2%	0.8×	124
27	Belgium	111	0.2%	0.8×	135
28	Norway	110	0.2%	0.4×	129
29	Poland	74	0.1%	0.8×	132
30	Saudi Arabia	63	0.1%	2.3×	134
31	Brazil	62	0.1%	0.6×	171
32	Luxembourg	62	0.1%	1.1×	70
33	Malaysia	55	0.1%	0.5×	85
34	South Africa	48	0.1%	0.5×	54
35	Portugal	47	0.1%	1.4×	56
36	New Zealand	37	0.1%	1.5×	47
37	Czechia	35	0.0%	0.7×	73
38	Hungary	23	0.0%	1.6×	40
39	Mexico	15	0.0%	0.7×	49
40	Liechtenstein	13	0.0%	0.9×	15

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Privacy, Identity & Trust Technologies. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

70,940 international families

HUAWEI TECH CO LTD · China

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD · South Korea

ALIBABA GROUP HOLDING LTD · China

MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC · United States

NEC CORP · Japan

ERICSSON TELEFON AB L M · Sweden

2,890

2,366

1,203

1,201

1,041

992

United States

20,167 international families

MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC

INTEL CORP

QUALCOMM INC

IBM

GOOGLE LLC

VISA INT SERVICE ASS

1,196

809

726

670

629

590

China

13,819 international families

HUAWEI TECH CO LTD

ZTE CORP

TENCENT TECH SHENZHEN CO LTD

GUANGDONG OPPO MOBILE TELECOMMUNICATIONS CORP LTD

ALIPAY HANGZHOU INF TECH CO LTD

PING AN TECH SHENZHEN CO LTD

2,847

889

519

511

505

390

Japan

8,702 international families

NEC CORP

CANON KK

FUJITSU LTD

NIPPON TELEGRAPH & TELEPHONE

SONY CORP

TOYOTA MOTOR CORP

956

742

456

411

373

340

South Korea

6,734 international families

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

LG ELECTRONICS INC

HYUNDAI MOTOR CO LTD

ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS RES INST

KIA CORP

KIA MOTORS CORP

2,365

522

292

246

210

142

Germany

3,966 international families

SIEMENS AG

BOSCH GMBH ROBERT

DEUTSCHE TELEKOM AG

5.4% shared · 6,502 families in both

Japan

China

United States

South Korea

Germany

13,305

11,355

11,063

6,119

3,107

Crosswalk

How Privacy, Identity & Trust Technologies is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 133 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

Entry	Title in the scheme	Why it is chosen	CPC codes	IPC codes	Documents
H04L9/00	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols	Cryptography: encryption, keys, signatures, blockchains, homomorphic encryption	126	21	1,298,793
G06F21/30	Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals	Authentication of users and devices, including biometrics	19	14	401,494
G06F21/6245	Protecting personal data, e.g. for financial or medical purposes	Protecting personal data, including anonymisation	3	none	103,187
G06F21/64	Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures	Data integrity through signatures and certificates	2	1	87,922
H04L63/08	Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities	Authentication of entities over networks	13	2	488,678
H04W12/02	Protecting privacy or anonymity, e.g. protecting personally identifiable information [PII]	Privacy and anonymity in wireless networks	1	1	42,282
H04W12/06	Authentication	Authentication in wireless networks	5	4	216,561
H04L9/40	Network security protocols	Left out

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Privacy, Identity & Trust Technologies: 169 codes on 2,638,917 documents. The 150 most used are listed; the full list is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

Code	Title	Under entry	How placed	Documents
H04W12/06	Authentication	H04W12/06	In the scheme	148,029
H04L63/08	Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities	H04L63/08	In the scheme	116,751
H04L9/3247	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving digital signatures	H04L9/00	In the scheme	95,510
H04L9/50	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using hash chains, e.g. blockchains or hash trees	H04L9/00	In the scheme	93,763
G06F21/32	User authentication using biometric data, e.g. fingerprints, iris scans or voiceprints	G06F21/30	In the scheme	92,226
G06F21/31	User authentication	G06F21/30	In the scheme	84,414
G06F21/64	Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures	G06F21/64	In the scheme	80,759
G06F21/6245	Protecting personal data, e.g. for financial or medical purposes	G06F21/6245	In the scheme	75,891
H04L63/083	Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using passwords	H04L63/08	In the scheme	65,893
H04L63/0823	Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using certificates	H04L63/08	In the scheme	58,790
H04L63/0876	Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities based on the identity of the terminal or configuration, e.g. MAC address, hardware or software configuration or device fingerprint	H04L63/08	In the scheme	51,237
H04L9/3239	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions involving non-keyed hash functions, e.g. modification detection codes [MDCs], MD5, SHA or RIPEMD	H04L9/00	In the scheme	50,955
G06F21/44	Program or device authentication	G06F21/30	In the scheme	46,890
H04W12/02	Protecting privacy or anonymity, e.g. protecting personally identifiable information [PII]	H04W12/02	In the scheme	42,282
H04L9/32	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials	H04L9/00	In the scheme	42,046
H04L63/0853	Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using an additional device, e.g. smartcard, SIM or a different communication terminal	H04L63/08	In the scheme	41,704
H04L63/0861	Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using biometrical features, e.g. fingerprint, retina-scan	H04L63/08	In the scheme	40,189
H04L9/0643	Hash functions, e.g. MD5, SHA, HMAC or f9 MAC	H04L9/00	In the scheme	38,663
H04L9/14	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using a plurality of keys or algorithms	H04L9/00	In the scheme	35,177
H04L9/3263	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving certificates, e.g. public key certificate [PKC] or attribute certificate [AC]; Public key infrastructure [PKI] arrangements	H04L9/00	In the scheme	34,923
H04W12/069	Authentication using certificates or pre-shared keys	H04W12/06	In the scheme	34,587
H04L9/0861	Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords	H04L9/00	In the scheme	34,294
H04L9/3236	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions	H04L9/00	In the scheme	34,226
H04L9/0825	Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s) using asymmetric-key encryption or public key infrastructure [PKI], e.g. key signature or public key certificates	H04L9/00	In the scheme	34,043
H04L9/0869	Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords involving random numbers or seeds	H04L9/00	In the scheme	32,919
H04L9/0894	Escrow, recovery or storing of secret information, e.g. secret key escrow or cryptographic key storage	H04L9/00	In the scheme	32,305
H04L63/0807	Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using tickets, e.g. Kerberos	H04L63/08	In the scheme	29,529
H04L9/3226	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using a predetermined code, e.g. password, passphrase or PIN	H04L9/00	In the scheme	29,367
H04L9/0891	Revocation or update of secret information, e.g. encryption key update or rekeying	H04L9/00	In the scheme	27,731
H04L9/0866	Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords involving user or device identifiers, e.g. serial number, physical or biometrical information, DNA, hand-signature or measurable physical characteristics	H04L9/00	In the scheme	25,278
G06F21/34	User authentication involving the use of external additional devices, e.g. dongles or smart cards	G06F21/30	In the scheme	24,956
H04L9/30	Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert or user's encryption keys not requiring secrecy	H04L9/00	In the scheme	24,839
H04L9/3213	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving a third party or a trusted authority using tickets or tokens, e.g. Kerberos	H04L9/00	In the scheme	24,306
H04L63/0815	Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities providing single-sign-on or federations	H04L63/08	In the scheme	22,760
G06F21/45	Structures or tools for the administration of authentication	G06F21/30	In the scheme	21,720
H04L9/085	Secret sharing or secret splitting, e.g. threshold schemes	H04L9/00	In the scheme	21,665
H04L9/0637	Modes of operation, e.g. cipher block chaining [CBC], electronic codebook [ECB] or Galois/counter mode [GCM]	H04L9/00	In the scheme	21,653
H04L9/3231	Biological data, e.g. fingerprint, voice or retina	H04L9/00	In the scheme	21,492
H04L9/3242	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using cryptographic hash functions involving keyed hash functions, e.g. message authentication codes [MACs], CBC-MAC or HMAC	H04L9/00	In the scheme	21,371
H04L9/3271	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using challenge-response	H04L9/00	In the scheme	21,256
G06F21/6254	Protecting personal data, e.g. for financial or medical purposes by anonymising data, e.g. decorrelating personal data from the owner's identification	G06F21/6245	In the scheme	20,828
G06F21/36	User authentication by graphic or iconic representation	G06F21/30	In the scheme	20,770
H04L9/3297	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving time stamps, e.g. generation of time stamps	H04L9/00	In the scheme	20,066
H04L9/3234	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving additional secure or trusted devices, e.g. TPM, smartcard, USB or software token	H04L9/00	In the scheme	19,548
H04L9/3268	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving certificates, e.g. public key certificate [PKC] or attribute certificate [AC]; Public key infrastructure [PKI] arrangements using certificate validation, registration, distribution or revocation, e.g. certificate revocation list [CRL]	H04L9/00	In the scheme	19,135
H04W12/068	Authentication using credential vaults, e.g. password manager applications or one time password [OTP] applications	H04W12/06	In the scheme	19,097
H04L9/0822	Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s) using key encryption key	H04L9/00	In the scheme	18,964
G06F21/35	User authentication involving the use of external additional devices, e.g. dongles or smart cards communicating wirelessly	G06F21/30	In the scheme	17,484
H04L9/321	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving a third party or a trusted authority	H04L9/00	In the scheme	17,451
G06F21/33	User authentication using certificates	G06F21/30	In the scheme	17,161
H04L9/08	Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords	H04L9/00	In the scheme	17,042
H04L63/0869	Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities for achieving mutual authentication	H04L63/08	In the scheme	16,427
H04L9/088	Usage controlling of secret information, e.g. techniques for restricting cryptographic keys to pre-authorized uses, different access levels, validity of crypto-period, different key- or password length, or different strong and weak cryptographic algorithms	H04L9/00	In the scheme	15,509
H04L9/0852	Quantum cryptography	H04L9/00	In the scheme	15,420
H04L9/0819	Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s)	H04L9/00	In the scheme	15,290
H04L63/0884	Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities by delegation of authentication, e.g. a proxy authenticates an entity to be authenticated on behalf of this entity vis-à-vis an authentication entity	H04L63/08	In the scheme	15,061
H04L9/008	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols involving homomorphic encryption	H04L9/00	In the scheme	14,061
H04L9/083	Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s) involving central third party, e.g. key distribution center [KDC] or trusted third party [TTP]	H04L9/00	In the scheme	13,429
H04L9/0897	Escrow, recovery or storing of secret information, e.g. secret key escrow or cryptographic key storage involving additional devices, e.g. trusted platform module [TPM], smartcard or USB	H04L9/00	In the scheme	13,241
H04L9/0838	Key agreement, i.e. key establishment technique in which a shared key is derived by parties as a function of information contributed by, or associated with, each of these	H04L9/00	In the scheme	13,084
H04L63/0892	Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities by using authentication-authorization-accounting [AAA] servers or protocols	H04L63/08	In the scheme	13,037
H04L9/0631	Substitution permutation network [SPN], i.e. cipher composed of a number of stages or rounds each involving linear and nonlinear transformations, e.g. AES algorithms	H04L9/00	In the scheme	12,509
H04L9/00	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols	H04L9/00	In the scheme	12,384
H04L63/0838	Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using passwords using one-time-passwords	H04L63/08	In the scheme	12,085
H04L9/0618	Block ciphers, i.e. encrypting groups of characters of a plain text message using fixed encryption transformation	H04L9/00	In the scheme	12,084
H04L9/3228	One-time or temporary data, i.e. information which is sent for every authentication or authorization, e.g. one-time-password, one-time-token or one-time-key	H04L9/00	In the scheme	11,504
G06F21/30	Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals	G06F21/30	In the scheme	11,282
H04L9/3066	Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert or user's encryption keys not requiring secrecy involving algebraic varieties, e.g. elliptic or hyper-elliptic curves	H04L9/00	In the scheme	11,143
G06F21/316	User authentication by observing the pattern of computer usage, e.g. typical user behaviour	G06F21/30	In the scheme	11,010
G06F21/46	Structures or tools for the administration of authentication by designing passwords or checking the strength of passwords	G06F21/30	In the scheme	10,594
H04L9/0863	Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords involving passwords or one-time passwords	H04L9/00	In the scheme	10,306
G06F21/445	Program or device authentication by mutual authentication, e.g. between devices or programs	G06F21/30	In the scheme	9,933
H04L9/12	Transmitting and receiving encryption devices synchronised or initially set up in a particular manner	H04L9/00	In the scheme	9,902
G06F21/41	User authentication where a single sign-on provides access to a plurality of computers	G06F21/30	In the scheme	9,186
H04W12/062	Pre-authentication	H04W12/06	In the scheme	8,871
H04L9/3278	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using challenge-response using physically unclonable functions [PUF]	H04L9/00	In the scheme	8,819
H04L9/3273	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using challenge-response for mutual authentication	H04L9/00	In the scheme	8,545
H04L9/3218	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using proof of knowledge, e.g. Fiat-Shamir, GQ, Schnorr, ornon-interactive zero-knowledge proofs	H04L9/00	In the scheme	8,484
H04L9/0662	Pseudorandom key sequence combined element-for-element with data sequence, e.g. one-time-pad [OTP] or Vernam's cipher with particular pseudorandom sequence generator	H04L9/00	In the scheme	8,475
H04L9/0877	Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords using additional device, e.g. trusted platform module [TPM], smartcard, USB or hardware security module [HSM]	H04L9/00	In the scheme	8,434
H04L9/002	Countermeasures against attacks on cryptographic mechanisms	H04L9/00	In the scheme	8,290
H04L9/0841	Key agreement, i.e. key establishment technique in which a shared key is derived by parties as a function of information contributed by, or associated with, each of these involving Diffie-Hellman or related key agreement protocols	H04L9/00	In the scheme	8,036
H04L9/0844	Key agreement, i.e. key establishment technique in which a shared key is derived by parties as a function of information contributed by, or associated with, each of these involving Diffie-Hellman or related key agreement protocols with user authentication or key authentication, e.g. ElGamal, MTI, MQV-Menezes-Qu-Vanstone protocol or Diffie-Hellman protocols using implicitly-certified keys	H04L9/00	In the scheme	8,019
H04L9/3073	Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert or user's encryption keys not requiring secrecy involving algebraic varieties, e.g. elliptic or hyper-elliptic curves involving pairings, e.g. identity based encryption [IBE], bilinear mappings or bilinear pairings, e.g. Weil or Tate pairing	H04L9/00	In the scheme	7,497
H04L9/06	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators	H04L9/00	In the scheme	7,256
G06F21/645	Protecting data integrity, e.g. using checksums, certificates or signatures using a third party	G06F21/64	In the scheme	7,163
G06F21/6263	Protecting personal data, e.g. for financial or medical purposes during internet communication, e.g. revealing personal data from cookies	G06F21/6245	In the scheme	6,468
H04L9/006	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols involving public key infrastructure [PKI] trust models	H04L9/00	In the scheme	6,268
G06F21/335	User authentication using certificates for accessing specific resources, e.g. using Kerberos tickets	G06F21/30	In the scheme	6,256
H04L9/003	Countermeasures against attacks on cryptographic mechanisms for power analysis, e.g. differential power analysis [DPA] or simple power analysis [SPA]	H04L9/00	In the scheme	6,213
H04W12/065	Continuous authentication	H04W12/06	In the scheme	5,977
H04L9/0816	Key establishment, i.e. cryptographic processes or cryptographic protocols whereby a shared secret becomes available to two or more parties, for subsequent use	H04L9/00	In the scheme	5,929
H04L9/0833	Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s) involving central third party, e.g. key distribution center [KDC] or trusted third party [TTP] involving conference or group key	H04L9/00	In the scheme	5,865
H04L9/3265	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving certificates, e.g. public key certificate [PKC] or attribute certificate [AC]; Public key infrastructure [PKI] arrangements using certificate chains, trees or paths; Hierarchical trust model	H04L9/00	In the scheme	5,804
H04L9/065	Encryption by serially and continuously modifying data stream elements, e.g. stream cipher systems, RC4, SEAL or A5/3	H04L9/00	In the scheme	5,800
H04L9/0858	Details about key distillation or coding, e.g. reconciliation, error correction, privacy amplification, polarisation coding or phase coding	H04L9/00	In the scheme	5,516
H04L9/0625	Block ciphers, i.e. encrypting groups of characters of a plain text message using fixed encryption transformation with splitting of the data block into left and right halves, e.g. Feistel based algorithms, DES, FEAL, IDEA or KASUMI	H04L9/00	In the scheme	5,384
H04L9/302	Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert or user's encryption keys not requiring secrecy underlying computational problems or public-key parameters involving the integer factorization problem, e.g. RSA or quadratic sieve [QS] schemes	H04L9/00	In the scheme	5,351
H04L9/3255	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving digital signatures using group based signatures, e.g. ring or threshold signatures	H04L9/00	In the scheme	5,310
H04L9/001	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using chaotic signals	H04L9/00	In the scheme	5,251
H04L63/0846	Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for authentication of entities using passwords using time-dependent-passwords, e.g. periodically changing passwords	H04L63/08	In the scheme	5,215
G06F21/305	Authentication, i.e. establishing the identity or authorisation of security principals by remotely controlling device operation	G06F21/30	In the scheme	5,137
H04L9/3252	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving digital signatures using DSA or related signature schemes, e.g. elliptic based signatures, ElGamal or Schnorr schemes	H04L9/00	In the scheme	4,964
H04L9/16	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols using a plurality of keys or algorithms the keys or algorithms being changed during operation	H04L9/00	In the scheme	4,767
H04L9/0836	Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s) involving central third party, e.g. key distribution center [KDC] or trusted third party [TTP] involving conference or group key using tree structure or hierarchical structure	H04L9/00	In the scheme	4,456
H04L9/3215	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using a plurality of channels	H04L9/00	In the scheme	4,426
G06F21/40	User authentication by quorum, i.e. whereby two or more security principals are required	G06F21/30	In the scheme	4,356
H04L9/0656	Pseudorandom key sequence combined element-for-element with data sequence, e.g. one-time-pad [OTP] or Vernam's cipher	H04L9/00	In the scheme	4,109
H04L9/0872	Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords using geo-location information, e.g. location data, time, relative position or proximity to other entities	H04L9/00	In the scheme	4,078
G06F21/42	User authentication using separate channels for security data	G06F21/30	In the scheme	4,007
H04L9/3249	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving digital signatures using RSA or related signature schemes, e.g. Rabin scheme	H04L9/00	In the scheme	3,919
H04L9/3093	Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert or user's encryption keys not requiring secrecy involving Lattices or polynomial equations, e.g. NTRU scheme	H04L9/00	In the scheme	3,864
H04L9/0827	Key transport or distribution, i.e. key establishment techniques where one party creates or otherwise obtains a secret value, and securely transfers it to the other(s) involving distinctive intermediate devices or communication paths	H04L9/00	In the scheme	3,590
G06F21/43	User authentication using separate channels for security data wireless channels	G06F21/30	In the scheme	2,887
H04L9/3221	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials using proof of knowledge, e.g. Fiat-Shamir, GQ, Schnorr, ornon-interactive zero-knowledge proofs interactive zero-knowledge proofs	H04L9/00	In the scheme	2,733
H04L9/0855	Quantum cryptography involving additional nodes, e.g. quantum relays, repeaters, intermediate nodes or remote nodes	H04L9/00	In the scheme	2,349
H04L9/3013	Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert or user's encryption keys not requiring secrecy underlying computational problems or public-key parameters involving the discrete logarithm problem, e.g. ElGamal or Diffie-Hellman systems	H04L9/00	In the scheme	2,234
H04L9/004	Countermeasures against attacks on cryptographic mechanisms for fault attacks	H04L9/00	In the scheme	2,154
H04L9/0847	Key agreement, i.e. key establishment technique in which a shared key is derived by parties as a function of information contributed by, or associated with, each of these involving identity based encryption [IBE] schemes	H04L9/00	In the scheme	2,021
H04L9/304	Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert or user's encryption keys not requiring secrecy based on error correction codes, e.g. McEliece	H04L9/00	In the scheme	1,794
H04L9/3033	Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert or user's encryption keys not requiring secrecy underlying computational problems or public-key parameters details relating to pseudo-prime or prime number generation, e.g. primality test	H04L9/00	In the scheme	1,620
H04L9/3257	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols including means for verifying the identity or authority of a user of the system or for message authentication, e.g. authorization, entity authentication, data integrity or data verification, non-repudiation, key authentication or verification of credentials involving digital signatures using blind signatures	H04L9/00	In the scheme	1,347
H04L9/0875	Generation of secret information including derivation or calculation of cryptographic keys or passwords based on channel impulse response [CIR]	H04L9/00	In the scheme	1,244
G06F21/313	User authentication using a call-back technique via a telephone network	G06F21/30	In the scheme	1,225
H04L9/0668	Pseudorandom key sequence combined element-for-element with data sequence, e.g. one-time-pad [OTP] or Vernam's cipher with particular pseudorandom sequence generator producing a non-linear pseudorandom sequence	H04L9/00	In the scheme	1,215
H04L9/3006	Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert or user's encryption keys not requiring secrecy underlying computational problems or public-key parameters	H04L9/00	In the scheme	1,191
H04L9/3026	Public key, i.e. encryption algorithm being computationally infeasible to invert or user's encryption keys not requiring secrecy underlying computational problems or public-key parameters details relating to polynomials generation, e.g. generation of irreducible polynomials	H04L9/00	In the scheme	1,152
H04L9/10	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols with particular housing, physical features or manual controls	H04L9/00	In the scheme	746
H04L9/007	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols involving public key infrastructure [PKI] trust models involving hierarchical structures	H04L9/00	In the scheme	723
H04L9/36	Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols with means for detecting characters not meant for transmission	H04L9/00	In the scheme	613
H04L9/34	Bits, or blocks of bits, of the telegraphic message being interchanged in time	H04L9/00	In the scheme	571
H04L9/38	Encryption being effected by mechanical apparatus, e.g. rotating cams, switches, keytape punchers	H04L9/00	In the scheme	543
H04L9/005	Countermeasures against attacks on cryptographic mechanisms for timing attacks	H04L9/00	In the scheme	530
H04L9/28	Retired code	H04L9/00	Retired, by main group	314
H04L9/3281	Retired code	H04L9/00	Retired, by main group	185
H04L9/3223	Retired code	H04L9/00	Retired, by main group	131
H04L9/0883	Retired code	H04L9/00	Retired, by main group	120
H04L9/3294	Retired code	H04L9/00	Retired, by main group	101
H04L9/0802	Retired code	H04L9/00	Retired, by main group	84
H04L9/3244	Retired code	H04L9/00	Retired, by main group	80
H04L9/3202	Retired code	H04L9/00	Retired, by main group	76
H04L9/0612	Retired code	H04L9/00	Retired, by main group	63
H04L9/18	Retired code	H04L9/00	Retired, by main group	35
H04L9/22	Retired code	H04L9/00	Retired, by main group	27
H04L9/0813	Retired code	H04L9/00	Retired, by main group	25
H04L9/0805	Retired code	H04L9/00	Retired, by main group	17
H04L9/306	Retired code	H04L9/00	Retired, by main group	17
H04L9/0675	Retired code	H04L9/00	Retired, by main group	15
H04L9/26	Retired code	H04L9/00	Retired, by main group	15
H04L9/0681	Retired code	H04L9/00	Retired, by main group	13

Match: Direct

The capability is itself a technology or a kind of physical system, and the classification names it. Personal-data protection and network authentication are CPC only; blockchain (H04L9/50) has no IPC use and is reached in IPC only through H04L9/00. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

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