← Capabilities
- International families
- 31k2015 to 2024
- Leading country
- Japan2.1× the next
- All families
- 131khome filings included
- Over five years
- Falling2020 to 2024 against the five before
Year by year
Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.
Volume
International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.
Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google
Share by country
Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.
Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google
Country leaderboard
International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.
Ten largest
Japan
United States
China
South Korea
Germany
France
Taiwan
Switzerland
United Kingdom
Netherlands
11,491
5,498
3,423
3,088
2,261
844
773
492
453
336
| 2000 to 2025 | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Japan | 11,491 | 36.9% | 0.8× | 18,354 | |
| 2 | United States | 5,498 | 17.7% | 0.7× | 7,299 | |
| 3 | China | 3,423 | 11.0% | 1.1× | 84,128 | |
| 4 | South Korea | 3,088 | 9.9% | 1.2× | 10,166 | |
| 5 | Germany | 2,261 | 7.3% | 0.7× | 3,049 | |
| 6 | France | 844 | 2.7% | 0.7× | 1,003 | |
| 7 | Taiwan | 773 | 2.5% | 1.0× | 1,423 | |
| 8 | Switzerland | 492 | 1.6% | 0.9× | 578 | |
| 9 | United Kingdom | 453 | 1.5% | 0.6× | 511 | |
| 10 | Netherlands | 336 | 1.1% | 0.8× | 356 | |
| 11 | Italy | 215 | 0.7% | 1.1× | 264 | |
| 12 | Canada | 194 | 0.6% | 0.8× | 239 | |
| 13 | Sweden | 188 | 0.6% | 1.1× | 202 | |
| 14 | Austria | 155 | 0.5% | 0.8× | 166 | |
| 15 | Singapore | 149 | 0.5% | 0.8× | 164 | |
| 16 | Australia | 131 | 0.4% | 1.0× | 160 | |
| 17 | Finland | 122 | 0.4% | 1.0× | 128 | |
| 18 | Luxembourg | 119 | 0.4% | 0.5× | 120 | |
| 19 | Belgium | 113 | 0.4% | 0.9× | 120 | |
| 20 | Spain | 112 | 0.4% | 0.6× | 139 | |
| 21 | Israel | 102 | 0.3% | 1.0× | 110 | |
| 22 | Türkiye | 94 | 0.3% | 2.4× | 128 | |
| 23 | India | 72 | 0.2% | 1.3× | 90 | |
| 24 | Norway | 72 | 0.2% | 0.7× | 74 | |
| 25 | Poland | 58 | 0.2% | 1.2× | 292 | |
| 26 | Russia | 47 | 0.2% | 0.4× | 941 | |
| 27 | Denmark | 44 | 0.1% | 0.8× | 44 | |
| 28 | Ireland | 41 | 0.1% | 0.8× | 43 | |
| 29 | Hong Kong | 40 | 0.1% | 0.9× | 82 | |
| 30 | Mexico | 33 | 0.1% | 0.4× | 69 | |
| 31 | Brazil | 32 | 0.1% | 0.9× | 106 | |
| 32 | Saudi Arabia | 32 | 0.1% | 0.4× | 104 | |
| 33 | Portugal | 27 | 0.1% | 4.4× | 36 | |
| 34 | Czechia | 24 | 0.1% | 2.4× | 47 | |
| 35 | Liechtenstein | 17 | 0.1% | 0.4× | 20 | |
| 36 | New Zealand | 11 | 0.0% | 1.8× | 11 | |
| 37 | Malaysia | 11 | 0.0% | 2.7× | 24 | |
| 38 | Cayman Islands | 10 | 0.0% | 4.0× | 21 | |
| 39 | South Africa | 4 | 0.0% | 1.0× | 4 | |
| 40 | Hungary | 4 | 0.0% | 1.0× | 7 |
Applicants
The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Functional Materials & Coatings. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.
Global
31,121 international families
APPLIED MATERIALS INC · United States
SAMSUNG DISPLAY CO LTD · South Korea
DAIKIN IND LTD · Japan
BOE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO LTD · China
CANON TOKKI CORP · Japan
TOKYO ELECTRON LTD · Japan
1,122
724
481
440
434
394
Japan
11,491 international families
DAIKIN IND LTD
CANON TOKKI CORP
TOKYO ELECTRON LTD
NIPPON STEEL CORP
NITTO DENKO CORP
AGC INC
477
433
393
352
351
344
United States
5,498 international families
APPLIED MATERIALS INC
CHEMOURS CO FC LLC
HONEYWELL INT INC
GEN ELECTRIC
LAM RES CORP
UNITED TECHNOLOGIES CORP
977
172
156
144
133
130
China
3,423 international families
BOE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO LTD
CHENGDU BOE OPTOELECT TECH CO
BEIJING NAURA MICROELECTRONICS EQUIPMENT CO LTD
ORDOS YUANSHENG OPTOELECTRONICS CO LTD
WUHAN CHINA STAR OPTOELECTRONICS SEMICONDUCTOR DISPLAY TECH CO LTD
KUNSHAN GOVISIONOX OPTOELECTRONICS CO LTD
440
109
96
88
72
47
South Korea
3,088 international families
SAMSUNG DISPLAY CO LTD
SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD
POSCO
POSCO CO LTD
LG CHEMICAL LTD
LG DISPLAY CO LTD
723
183
149
125
118
91
Germany
2,261 international families
APPLIED MATERIALS INC
FRAUNHOFER GES FORSCHUNG
SIEMENS AG
ARDENNE ASSET GMBH & CO KG VON
BOSCH GMBH ROBERT
THYSSENKRUPP STEEL EUROPE AG
132
107
90
79
77
66
Similar capabilities
The nine capabilities that share the most international patent families with Functional Materials & Coatings, 2015 to 2024: the families counted in both as a share of those counted in either. Each card shows its five largest countries.
Critical Technology
Semiconductor Equipment & Materials
7.1% shared · 8,429 families in both
Japan
United States
South Korea
China
Taiwan
37,853
15,529
13,584
8,665
6,232
Production & Innovation
Foundational & Process Industries
4.0% shared · 13,332 families in both
Japan
United States
China
South Korea
Germany
94,317
55,479
36,011
28,513
26,005
Critical Technology
Advanced Semiconductor Fabrication
2.4% shared · 3,997 families in both
Japan
United States
South Korea
Taiwan
China
44,951
23,299
22,064
19,873
15,776
Strategic Infrastructure
Materials & Inputs
2.3% shared · 1,568 families in both
Japan
China
United States
Germany
South Korea
11,795
5,251
4,931
4,375
3,506
Critical Technology
Structural & Composite Materials
2.2% shared · 1,193 families in both
Japan
United States
Germany
China
France
7,278
5,012
2,345
2,154
1,734
Strategic Infrastructure
Production Systems
2.1% shared · 8,103 families in both
Japan
United States
China
Germany
South Korea
106,439
60,107
40,792
37,205
32,878
Critical Technology
Nanomaterials & Metamaterials
1.8% shared · 992 families in both
United States
South Korea
China
Japan
Taiwan
6,721
3,882
3,587
3,507
2,242
Strategic Infrastructure
Chemicals & Hazardous Process Industry
1.0% shared · 1,079 families in both
United States
Japan
China
Germany
South Korea
16,120
13,036
11,408
6,357
5,716
Critical Technology
Superconducting, Magnetic & Photonic Materials
1.0% shared · 428 families in both
Japan
United States
China
South Korea
Germany
4,778
2,134
1,575
1,414
897
Crosswalk
How Functional Materials & Coatings is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 241 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.
| Entry | Title in the scheme | Why it is chosen | CPC codes | IPC codes | Documents |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| C23C14/00 | Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material | Vacuum-deposited coatings: evaporation, sputtering, ion implantation | 134 | 33 | 793,155 |
| C23C4/00 | Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge | Thermal-spray coatings | 31 | 20 | 140,237 |
| C23C28/00 | Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D | Multi-layer engineered coatings on metals | 34 | 4 | 204,458 |
| C09D5/08 | Anti-corrosive paints | Anti-corrosive coatings | 9 | 3 | 91,565 |
| C09D5/16 | Antifouling paints; Underwater paints | Antifouling and underwater coatings | 16 | 1 | 64,055 |
| C09D5/24 | Electrically-conducting paints | Electrically conducting coatings | 1 | 1 | 30,090 |
| C09D5/32 | Radiation-absorbing paints | Radiation-absorbing coatings | 1 | 1 | 10,425 |
| C09K9/00 | Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy | Photochromic and thermochromic materials | 2 | 3 | 26,568 |
| C09K5/02 | Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used | Phase-change materials for heat storage and transfer | 11 | 3 | 63,805 |
| C09K3/18 | Materials not provided for elsewhere for application to surfaces to minimize adherence of ice, mist or water thereto; Thawing or antifreeze materials for application to surfaces | Ice-repellent and water-repellent surface materials | 2 | 1 | 32,198 |
| H10N30/85 | Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials | Piezoelectric and electrostrictive materials | 9 | 3 | 78,738 |
| C22F1/006 | Resulting in heat recoverable alloys with a memory effect | Shape-memory alloys | 1 | none | 3,161 |
| C08L2201/12 | Shape memory | Shape-memory polymers | 1 | none | 3,774 |
CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.
The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Functional Materials & Coatings: 252 codes on 1,477,066 documents. The 150 most used are listed; the full list is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.
| Code | Title | Under entry | How placed | Documents |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| C09D5/08 | Anti-corrosive paints | C09D5/08 | In the scheme | 50,076 |
| C23C14/34 | Sputtering | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 36,325 |
| C23C14/35 | Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 34,080 |
| C23C14/24 | Vacuum evaporation | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 33,314 |
| C09D5/24 | Electrically-conducting paints | C09D5/24 | In the scheme | 30,090 |
| C23C14/3414 | Metallurgical or chemical aspects of target preparation, e.g. casting, powder metallurgy | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 27,684 |
| C23C14/042 | Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks using masks | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 26,412 |
| C23C28/00 | Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 23,549 |
| C09K5/045 | Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds containing only fluorine as halogen | C09K5/02 | In the scheme | 22,148 |
| C23C14/08 | Oxides | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 20,861 |
| C23C14/0641 | Nitrides | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 19,646 |
| C23C14/3407 | Cathode assembly for sputtering apparatus, e.g. Target | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 18,448 |
| C23C14/14 | Metallic material, boron or silicon | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 17,748 |
| C23C14/50 | Substrate holders | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 15,776 |
| C23C4/134 | Plasma spraying | C23C4/00 | In the scheme | 15,719 |
| C23C14/54 | Controlling or regulating the coating process | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 15,647 |
| C23C28/345 | Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 15,437 |
| C23C4/02 | Pretreatment of the material to be coated, e.g. for coating on selected surface areas | C23C4/00 | In the scheme | 15,099 |
| C09K3/18 | Materials not provided for elsewhere for application to surfaces to minimize adherence of ice, mist or water thereto; Thawing or antifreeze materials for application to surfaces | C09K3/18 | In the scheme | 15,005 |
| C23C14/12 | Organic material | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 14,921 |
| C23C14/06 | Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 14,147 |
| C23C4/06 | Metallic material | C23C4/00 | In the scheme | 13,984 |
| C09K9/02 | Organic tenebrescent materials | C09K9/00 | In the scheme | 13,887 |
| C23C14/562 | Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks for coating elongated substrates | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 13,810 |
| C23C14/086 | Oxides of zinc, germanium, cadmium, indium, tin, thallium or bismuth | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 13,660 |
| C23C4/18 | After-treatment | C23C4/00 | In the scheme | 13,491 |
| C23C14/325 | Electric arc evaporation | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 13,127 |
| C09K5/063 | Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials | C09K5/02 | In the scheme | 13,069 |
| C23C28/321 | Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 12,844 |
| C23C14/083 | Oxides of refractory metals or yttrium | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 12,781 |
| C23C14/5806 | Thermal treatment | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 12,565 |
| C23C14/16 | Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 12,539 |
| C23C28/023 | Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 12,447 |
| C23C14/0036 | Reactive sputtering | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 12,151 |
| C23C14/165 | Metallic material, boron or silicon on metallic substrates or on substrates of boron or silicon by cathodic sputtering | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 12,134 |
| C23C14/564 | Means for minimising impurities in the coating chamber such as dust, moisture, residual gases | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 12,115 |
| C23C14/243 | Crucibles for source material | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 12,016 |
| C23C28/044 | Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material coatings specially adapted for cutting tools or wear applications | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 11,495 |
| C23C14/505 | Substrate holders for rotation of the substrates | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 11,419 |
| C23C28/042 | Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material including a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxides, ZrO2, rare earth oxides | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 11,217 |
| C23C14/352 | Sputtering by application of a magnetic field, e.g. magnetron sputtering using more than one target | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 11,198 |
| C23C28/322 | Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 11,149 |
| C23C4/11 | Oxides | C23C4/00 | In the scheme | 11,130 |
| C23C14/56 | Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 11,103 |
| C23C28/021 | Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material including at least one metal alloy layer | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 10,907 |
| C09D5/084 | Inorganic compounds | C09D5/08 | In the scheme | 10,834 |
| C23C4/08 | Metallic material containing only metal elements | C23C4/00 | In the scheme | 10,538 |
| C09D5/16 | Antifouling paints; Underwater paints | C09D5/16 | In the scheme | 10,386 |
| C23C28/3455 | Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer with a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxide, ZrO2, rare earth oxides or a thermal barrier system comprising at least one refractory oxide layer | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 10,312 |
| C23C28/04 | Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 10,162 |
| C23C14/568 | Transferring the substrates through a series of coating stations | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 10,145 |
| C09D5/32 | Radiation-absorbing paints | C09D5/32 | In the scheme | 10,010 |
| C23C28/34 | Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 9,842 |
| C23C14/022 | Cleaning or etching treatments by means of bombardment with energetic particles or radiation | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 9,677 |
| C23C14/024 | Deposition of sublayers, e.g. to promote adhesion of the coating | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 9,654 |
| C23C14/185 | Metallic material, boron or silicon on other inorganic substrates by cathodic sputtering | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 9,529 |
| H10N30/853 | Ceramic compositions | H10N30/85 | In the scheme | 9,054 |
| H10N30/857 | Macromolecular compositions | H10N30/85 | In the scheme | 9,019 |
| C23C14/30 | Vacuum evaporation by wave energy or particle radiation by electron bombardment | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 8,927 |
| C23C14/541 | Heating or cooling of the substrates | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 8,926 |
| C23C14/10 | Glass or silica | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 8,688 |
| C23C4/10 | Oxides, borides, carbides, nitrides or silicides; Mixtures thereof | C23C4/00 | In the scheme | 8,622 |
| C09D5/1687 | Use of special additives | C09D5/16 | In the scheme | 8,621 |
| C23C4/12 | Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the method of spraying | C23C4/00 | In the scheme | 8,591 |
| C23C14/0605 | Carbon | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 8,344 |
| C09K5/04 | Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa | C09K5/02 | In the scheme | 8,303 |
| C23C14/48 | Ion implantation | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 8,176 |
| C23C14/081 | Oxides of aluminium, magnesium or beryllium | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 8,086 |
| C23C14/20 | Metallic material, boron or silicon on organic substrates | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 8,072 |
| C23C4/129 | Flame spraying | C23C4/00 | In the scheme | 7,720 |
| C23C14/3464 | Sputtering using more than one target | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 7,530 |
| H10N30/8554 | Lead-zirconium titanate [PZT] based | H10N30/85 | In the scheme | 7,508 |
| C23C28/42 | Coatings including alternating layers following a pattern, a periodic or defined repetition characterized by the composition of the alternating layers | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 7,412 |
| C23C14/22 | Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 7,384 |
| C23C14/025 | Metallic sublayers | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 7,253 |
| C23C14/28 | Vacuum evaporation by wave energy or particle radiation | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 6,860 |
| C23C14/0021 | Reactive sputtering or evaporation | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 6,703 |
| C23C14/04 | Coating on selected surface areas, e.g. using masks | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 6,650 |
| C23C14/32 | Vacuum evaporation by explosion; by evaporation and subsequent ionisation of the vapours, e.g. ion-plating | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 6,628 |
| C09D5/1662 | Synthetic film-forming substance | C09D5/16 | In the scheme | 6,474 |
| C23C4/04 | Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge characterised by the coating material | C23C4/00 | In the scheme | 6,468 |
| C23C14/26 | Vacuum evaporation by resistance or inductive heating of the source | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 6,404 |
| C23C14/58 | After-treatment | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 6,314 |
| C23C14/18 | Metallic material, boron or silicon on other inorganic substrates | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 6,227 |
| C09D5/1625 | Non-macromolecular compounds organic | C09D5/16 | In the scheme | 5,999 |
| C09D5/1675 | Polyorganosiloxane-containing compositions | C09D5/16 | In the scheme | 5,890 |
| C09D5/106 | Anti-corrosive paints containing metal dust containing Zn | C09D5/08 | In the scheme | 5,789 |
| C09K5/044 | Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa for compression-type refrigeration systems comprising halogenated compounds | C09K5/02 | In the scheme | 5,586 |
| C23C28/02 | Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 5,523 |
| C23C28/3215 | Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer with at least one metal alloy layer at least one MCrAlX layer | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 5,521 |
| C09D5/1668 | Vinyl-type polymers | C09D5/16 | In the scheme | 5,453 |
| C23C14/205 | Metallic material, boron or silicon on organic substrates by cathodic sputtering | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 5,438 |
| C23C14/0635 | Carbides | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 5,199 |
| C23C14/345 | Applying energy to the substrate during sputtering using substrate bias | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 5,138 |
| C23C14/021 | Cleaning or etching treatments | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 5,079 |
| C09D5/086 | Organic or non-macromolecular compounds | C09D5/08 | In the scheme | 4,981 |
| C23C14/02 | Pretreatment of the material to be coated | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 4,847 |
| H10N30/8542 | Alkali metal based oxides, e.g. lithium, sodium or potassium niobates | H10N30/85 | In the scheme | 4,794 |
| C23C4/131 | Wire arc spraying | C23C4/00 | In the scheme | 4,721 |
| C23C14/228 | Gas flow assisted PVD deposition | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 4,664 |
| C23C28/3225 | Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only with at least one zinc-based layer | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 4,588 |
| C09D5/1618 | Non-macromolecular compounds inorganic | C09D5/16 | In the scheme | 4,565 |
| C23C14/046 | Coating cavities or hollow spaces, e.g. interior of tubes; Infiltration of porous substrates | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 4,476 |
| H10N30/852 | Composite materials, e.g. having 1-3 or 2-2 type connectivity | H10N30/85 | In the scheme | 4,461 |
| C23C14/542 | Controlling the film thickness or evaporation rate | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 4,436 |
| C09D5/10 | Anti-corrosive paints containing metal dust | C09D5/08 | In the scheme | 4,427 |
| C23C28/025 | Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings only including layers of metallic material only coatings of metal elements only with at least one zinc-based layer | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 4,334 |
| C23C28/32 | Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 4,333 |
| C23C14/3485 | Sputtering using pulsed power to the target | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 4,285 |
| C23C14/5873 | Removal of material | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 4,210 |
| C23C4/123 | Spraying molten metal | C23C4/00 | In the scheme | 4,195 |
| C09K3/185 | Thawing materials | C09K3/18 | In the scheme | 4,164 |
| C23C28/048 | Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D only coatings of inorganic non-metallic material with layers graded in composition or physical properties | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 4,037 |
| C23C14/0015 | Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterized by the colour of the layer | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 3,974 |
| C09D5/1637 | Macromolecular compounds | C09D5/16 | In the scheme | 3,972 |
| C23C14/246 | Replenishment of source material | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 3,930 |
| C23C14/0664 | Carbonitrides | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 3,927 |
| C23C14/5853 | Oxidation | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 3,869 |
| C23C14/0676 | Oxynitrides | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 3,841 |
| C08L2201/12 | Shape memory | C08L2201/12 | In the scheme | 3,774 |
| C23C14/00 | Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 3,582 |
| C09D5/1681 | Antifouling coatings characterised by surface structure, e.g. for roughness effect giving superhydrophobic coatings or Lotus effect | C09D5/16 | In the scheme | 3,539 |
| C23C4/073 | Metallic material containing MCrAl or MCrAlY alloys, where M is nickel, cobalt or iron, with or without non-metal elements | C23C4/00 | In the scheme | 3,523 |
| C23C14/548 | Controlling the composition | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 3,490 |
| C23C14/0623 | Sulfides, selenides or tellurides | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 3,477 |
| C09K5/06 | Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa | C09K5/02 | In the scheme | 3,476 |
| C23C14/566 | Means for minimising impurities in the coating chamber such as dust, moisture, residual gases using a load-lock chamber | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 3,405 |
| C23C14/221 | Ion beam deposition | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 3,389 |
| C09K9/00 | Tenebrescent materials, i.e. materials for which the range of wavelengths for energy absorption is changed as a result of excitation by some form of energy | C09K9/00 | In the scheme | 3,365 |
| C23C28/347 | Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with layers adapted for cutting tools or wear applications | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 3,271 |
| C23C14/225 | Oblique incidence of vaporised material on substrate | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 3,231 |
| C22F1/006 | Resulting in heat recoverable alloys with a memory effect | C22F1/006 | In the scheme | 3,161 |
| C09D5/103 | Anti-corrosive paints containing metal dust containing Al | C09D5/08 | In the scheme | 3,140 |
| C23C4/067 | Metallic material containing free particles of non-metal elements, e.g. carbon, silicon, boron, phosphorus or arsenic | C23C4/00 | In the scheme | 3,121 |
| C23C14/0652 | Silicon nitride | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 3,069 |
| C23C28/30 | Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 3,061 |
| C23C4/01 | Selective coating, e.g. pattern coating, without pre-treatment of the material to be coated | C23C4/00 | In the scheme | 2,979 |
| C23C28/36 | Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including layers graded in composition or physical properties | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 2,955 |
| C09D5/082 | Anti-corrosive paints characterised by the anti-corrosive pigment | C09D5/08 | In the scheme | 2,907 |
| C23C4/00 | Coating by spraying the coating material in the molten state, e.g. by flame, plasma or electric discharge | C23C4/00 | In the scheme | 2,886 |
| C23C14/46 | Sputtering by ion beam produced by an external ion source | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 2,780 |
| C23C28/028 | Including graded layers in composition or in physical properties, e.g. density, porosity, grain size | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 2,719 |
| C23C14/0617 | AIII BV compounds, where A is Al, Ga, In or Tl and B is N, P, As, Sb or Bi | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 2,712 |
| H10N30/8536 | Alkaline earth metal based oxides, e.g. barium titanates | H10N30/85 | In the scheme | 2,701 |
| C09D5/1693 | Antifouling paints; Underwater paints as part of a multilayer system | C09D5/16 | In the scheme | 2,692 |
| C23C14/3492 | Variation of parameters during sputtering | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 2,685 |
| C23C14/028 | Physical treatment to alter the texture of the substrate surface, e.g. grinding, polishing | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 2,683 |
| C23C14/0057 | Reactive sputtering using reactive gases other than O2, H2O, N2, NH3 or CH4 | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 2,641 |
| C23C28/341 | Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one carbide layer | C23C28/00 | In the scheme | 2,639 |
| C23C14/0694 | Halides | C23C14/00 | In the scheme | 2,559 |
Match: Direct
The capability is itself a technology or a kind of physical system, and the classification names it. No single entry names smart materials; shape-memory entries are CPC only, and chemical vapour deposition (C23C16) is counted under Semiconductor Equipment & Materials instead. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.