Human Capital

Service Delivery & Coverage

The capacity to deliver health care to the whole population, whoever and wherever they are. One of the capabilities of Health System Capability.

International families: 262k2015 to 2024
Leading country: United States2.2× the next
All families: 880khome filings included
Over five years: Steady2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

United States

Japan

China

South Korea

Germany

Netherlands

Switzerland

France

United Kingdom

Israel

84,023

38,520

26,886

18,896

17,937

8,626

8,199

7,168

6,651

5,709


1	United States	84,023	32.1%	1.0×	137,008
2	Japan	38,520	14.7%	0.8×	84,228
3	China	26,886	10.3%	1.5×	436,553
4	South Korea	18,896	7.2%	1.3×	78,784
5	Germany	17,937	6.9%	1.0×	23,903
6	Netherlands	8,626	3.3%	0.8×	9,337
7	Switzerland	8,199	3.1%	1.2×	9,491
8	France	7,168	2.7%	1.1×	9,413
9	United Kingdom	6,651	2.5%	0.9×	8,538
10	Israel	5,709	2.2%	1.0×	6,836
11	Taiwan	4,632	1.8%	1.0×	11,149
12	Canada	3,856	1.5%	0.9×	5,540
13	Italy	3,334	1.3%	1.0×	5,570
14	Australia	3,012	1.2%	1.0×	3,831
15	Sweden	2,048	0.8%	1.0×	2,331
16	Ireland	2,037	0.8%	1.8×	2,500
17	India	1,977	0.8%	1.2×	2,740
18	Denmark	1,905	0.7%	1.0×	2,067
19	Spain	1,667	0.6%	1.0×	2,241
20	Türkiye	1,619	0.6%	1.6×	3,561
21	Singapore	1,252	0.5%	1.4×	1,460
22	Austria	1,123	0.4%	1.0×	1,284
23	Belgium	1,089	0.4%	0.9×	1,283
24	Finland	1,088	0.4%	0.8×	1,346
25	Russia	745	0.3%	0.7×	12,306
26	New Zealand	650	0.2%	1.0×	768
27	Brazil	605	0.2%	0.8×	2,236
28	Poland	584	0.2%	1.1×	1,927
29	Norway	389	0.1%	0.9×	472
30	Luxembourg	334	0.1%	0.6×	411
31	Hong Kong	311	0.1%	1.1×	609
32	Liechtenstein	297	0.1%	1.2×	335
33	Portugal	272	0.1%	1.2×	407
34	Czechia	233	0.1%	1.0×	472
35	Mexico	227	0.1%	0.7×	783
36	South Africa	183	0.1%	0.5×	196
37	Saudi Arabia	152	0.1%	0.5×	494
38	Malaysia	151	0.1%	1.1×	295
39	Hungary	149	0.1%	0.7×	280
40	Cayman Islands	87	0.0%	0.3×	154

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Service Delivery & Coverage. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

261,623 international families

KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS NV · Netherlands

OLYMPUS CORP · Japan

FUJIFILM CORP · Japan

BOSTON SCIENT SCIMED INC · United States

SIEMENS HEALTHCARE GMBH · Germany

COVIDIEN LP · United States

6,783

3,209

2,990

2,516

2,478

2,400

United States

84,023 international families

COVIDIEN LP

BOSTON SCIENT SCIMED INC

MEDTRONIC INC

BECTON DICKINSON CO

EDWARDS LIFESCIENCES CORP

GE PREC HEALTHCARE LLC

2,390

2,379

1,786

1,320

1,283

1,268

Japan

38,520 international families

OLYMPUS CORP

FUJIFILM CORP

TERUMO CORP

CANON MEDICAL SYSTEMS CORP

CANON KK

KONICA MINOLTA INC

3,204

2,985

2,067

1,485

1,427

858

China

26,886 international families

SHENZHEN MINDRAY BIOMEDICAL ELECTRONICS CO LTD

SHANGHAI UNITED IMAGING HEALTHCARE CO LTD

HUAWEI TECH CO LTD

BOE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO LTD

SHENZHEN INST OF ADV TECH CAS

SHENZHEN INST ADV TECH

666

620

543

493

474

302

South Korea

18,896 international families

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

CATHOLIC UNIV KOREA IND ACADEMIC COOPERATION FOUNDATION

UNIV KOREA RES & BUS FOUND

SAMSUNG MEDISON CO LTD

LG ELECTRONICS INC

SEOUL NAT UNIV HOSPITAL

1,939

348

309

308

287

Germany

17,937 international families

SIEMENS HEALTHCARE GMBH

Siemens Healthineers Ag

BIOTRONIK SE & CO KG

2.4% shared · 6,496 families in both

United States

China

Japan

Germany

South Korea

4,153

2,013

1,410

792

720

Crosswalk

How Service Delivery & Coverage is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 8,718 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

Entry	Title in the scheme	Why it is chosen	CPC codes	IPC codes	Documents
A61B	Diagnosis; surgery; identification	Diagnostic and surgical instruments	3,624	509	16,301,629
A61M	Devices for introducing media into, or onto, the body; devices for transducing body media or for taking media from the body; devices for producing or ending sleep or stupor	Infusion, injection, respiratory and dialysis devices	2,181	313	7,595,045
A61F	Filters implantable into blood vessels; prostheses; devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents; orthopaedic, nursing or contraceptive devices; fomentation; treatment or protection of eyes or ears; bandages, dressings or absorbent pads; first-aid kits	Implants, prostheses, orthopaedic devices and dressings	2,537	187	5,288,895
A61N	Electrotherapy; magnetotherapy; radiation therapy; ultrasound therapy	Electrotherapy and radiotherapy equipment	488	70	1,807,521
A61C	Dentistry; apparatus or methods for oral or dental hygiene	Dental equipment	414	166	781,366
A61G	Transport, personal conveyances, or accommodation specially adapted for patients or disabled persons; operating tables or chairs; chairs for dentistry; funeral devices	Patient transport, hospital beds and operating tables	514	95	768,649
G16H	Healthcare informatics, i.e. information and communication technology [ict] specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical or healthcare data	Health informatics, including records and telemedicine	34	36	1,515,702
A61F13/15	Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators	Left out
A61B5/117	Identification of persons	Left out
G16H50/80	ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics, e.g. flu	Left out

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Service Delivery & Coverage: 9,792 codes on 34,058,807 documents. The 150 most used are listed; the full list is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

Code	Title	Under entry	How placed	Documents
G16H50/20	ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systems	G16H	In the scheme	175,225
G16H10/60	ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for patient-specific data, e.g. for electronic patient records	G16H	In the scheme	123,154
G16H50/30	ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for calculating health indices; for individual health risk assessment	G16H	In the scheme	120,421
G16H40/67	ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for remote operation	G16H	In the scheme	113,695
G16H40/63	ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for local operation	G16H	In the scheme	112,417
G16H50/70	ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for mining of medical data, e.g. analysing previous cases of other patients	G16H	In the scheme	87,870
G16H30/40	ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images for processing medical images, e.g. editing	G16H	In the scheme	81,189
A61B5/14532	Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement	A61B	In the scheme	80,527
A61B34/20	Surgical navigation systems; Devices for tracking or guiding surgical instruments, e.g. for frameless stereotaxis	A61B	In the scheme	77,725
A61B34/30	Surgical robots	A61B	In the scheme	77,009
A61B6/032	Transmission computed tomography [CT]	A61B	In the scheme	70,311
G16H40/20	ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities, e.g. managing hospital staff or surgery rooms	G16H	In the scheme	65,665
G16H30/20	ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images for handling medical images, e.g. DICOM, HL7 or PACS	G16H	In the scheme	60,268
A61B2018/00577	Ablation	A61B	In the scheme	60,220
A61B18/1492	Probes or electrodes therefor having a flexible, catheter-like structure, e.g. for heart ablation	A61B	In the scheme	59,983
A61B5/055	Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves involving electronic [EMR] or nuclear [NMR] magnetic resonance, e.g. magnetic resonance imaging	A61B	In the scheme	58,754
G16H50/50	ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for simulation or modelling of medical disorders	G16H	In the scheme	57,251
A61B2017/00477	Coupling	A61B	In the scheme	55,544
A61B5/01	Measuring temperature of body parts ; Diagnostic temperature sensing, e.g. for malignant or inflamed tissue	A61B	In the scheme	55,285
A61B5/0205	Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular conditions and different types of body conditions, e.g. heart and respiratory condition	A61B	In the scheme	55,165
A61B17/00234	Surgical instruments, devices or methods for minimally invasive surgery	A61B	In the scheme	53,283
G16H20/40	ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to mechanical, radiation or invasive therapies, e.g. surgery, laser therapy, dialysis or acupuncture	G16H	In the scheme	52,979
A61M2205/8206	Internal energy supply devices battery-operated	A61M	In the scheme	51,459
A61B5/742	Details of notification to user or communication with user or patient; User input means using visual displays	A61B	In the scheme	51,225
G16H20/30	ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to physical therapies or activities, e.g. physiotherapy, acupressure or exercising	G16H	In the scheme	48,882
A61B34/10	Computer-aided planning, simulation or modelling of surgical operations	A61B	In the scheme	48,380
A61B5/7275	Determining trends in physiological measurement data; Predicting development of a medical condition based on physiological measurements, e.g. determining a risk factor	A61B	In the scheme	48,120
G16H20/10	ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients	G16H	In the scheme	47,233
A61M2205/50	General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers	A61M	In the scheme	46,811
A61B5/024	Measuring pulse rate or heart rate	A61B	In the scheme	46,729
A61B5/7267	Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems involving training the classification device	A61B	In the scheme	46,162
A61B5/7264	Classification of physiological signals or data, e.g. using neural networks, statistical classifiers, expert systems or fuzzy systems	A61B	In the scheme	45,735
A61M2205/3368	Temperature	A61M	In the scheme	44,225
A61B5/746	Alarms related to a physiological condition, e.g. details of setting alarm thresholds or avoiding false alarms	A61B	In the scheme	43,712
A61M2205/502	User interfaces, e.g. screens or keyboards	A61M	In the scheme	42,811
G16H15/00	ICT specially adapted for medical reports, e.g. generation or transmission thereof	G16H	In the scheme	42,059
A61M2205/3334	Measuring or controlling the flow rate	A61M	In the scheme	42,019
A61B5/0022	Monitoring a patient using a global network, e.g. telephone networks, internet	A61B	In the scheme	41,979
A61B2562/0219	Inertial sensors, e.g. accelerometers, gyroscopes, tilt switches	A61B	In the scheme	41,893
A61M2205/3331	Pressure; Flow	A61M	In the scheme	41,209
A61M15/06	Inhaling appliances shaped like cigars, cigarettes or pipes	A61M	In the scheme	41,165
A61B17/07207	Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously the staples being applied sequentially	A61B	In the scheme	40,272
A61B5/021	Measuring pressure in heart or blood vessels	A61B	In the scheme	39,601
A61B5/0002	Remote monitoring of patients using telemetry, e.g. transmission of vital signals via a communication network	A61B	In the scheme	39,589
A61B2034/2051	Electromagnetic tracking systems	A61B	In the scheme	39,421
A61B8/12	Diagnosis using ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves in body cavities or body tracts, e.g. by using catheters	A61B	In the scheme	38,938
A61M2205/52	General characteristics of the apparatus with microprocessors or computers with memories providing a history of measured variating parameters of apparatus or patient	A61M	In the scheme	38,554
A61B5/681	Wristwatch-type devices	A61B	In the scheme	37,618
A61M2205/583	Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision by visual feedback	A61M	In the scheme	37,331
A61B5/11	Measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof, e.g. head or hand tremor or mobility of a limb	A61B	In the scheme	36,196
A61B18/14	Probes or electrodes therefor	A61B	In the scheme	36,108
A61B5/00	Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons	A61B	In the scheme	36,007
A61B90/39	Markers, e.g. radio-opaque or breast lesions markers	A61B	In the scheme	35,933
A61M2205/581	Means for facilitating use, e.g. by people with impaired vision by audible feedback	A61M	In the scheme	35,414
A61M2205/18	General characteristics of the apparatus with alarm	A61M	In the scheme	35,397
A61B2017/00398	Details of actuation of instruments, e.g. relations between pushing buttons, or the like, and activation of the tool, working tip, or the like using powered actuators, e.g. stepper motors, solenoids	A61B	In the scheme	35,345
A61B2017/00526	Methods of manufacturing	A61B	In the scheme	35,341
G16H10/20	ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for electronic clinical trials or questionnaires	G16H	In the scheme	34,850
A61B5/0816	Measuring devices for examining respiratory frequency	A61B	In the scheme	34,585
A61F2220/0025	Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements	A61F	In the scheme	34,491
A61F2/07	Stent-grafts	A61F	In the scheme	34,312
G16H20/17	ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients delivered via infusion or injection	G16H	In the scheme	34,131
A61B2017/00867	Material properties shape memory effect	A61B	In the scheme	34,099
A61B5/7203	Signal processing specially adapted for physiological signals or for diagnostic purposes for noise prevention, reduction or removal	A61B	In the scheme	33,920
A61B5/1118	Determining activity level	A61B	In the scheme	33,853
A61B90/361	Image-producing devices, e.g. surgical cameras	A61B	In the scheme	33,407
G16H80/00	ICT specially adapted for facilitating communication between medical practitioners or patients, e.g. for collaborative diagnosis, therapy or health monitoring	G16H	In the scheme	33,173
A61B5/0077	Devices for viewing the surface of the body, e.g. camera, magnifying lens	A61B	In the scheme	33,061
A61B17/0401	Suture anchors, buttons or pledgets, i.e. means for attaching sutures to bone, cartilage or soft tissue; Instruments for applying or removing suture anchors	A61B	In the scheme	33,046
A61M16/06	Respiratory or anaesthetic masks	A61M	In the scheme	32,583
A61M2016/0027	Accessories therefor, e.g. sensors, vibrators, negative pressure pressure meter	A61M	In the scheme	32,489
A61B5/02438	Measuring pulse rate or heart rate with portable devices, e.g. worn by the patient	A61B	In the scheme	32,474
A61B2034/2055	Optical tracking systems	A61B	In the scheme	32,453
A61B2034/105	Modelling of the patient, e.g. for ligaments or bones	A61B	In the scheme	32,407
A61B5/4836	Diagnosis combined with treatment in closed-loop systems or methods	A61B	In the scheme	32,399
A61B17/068	Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps	A61B	In the scheme	32,035
A61M5/20	Automatic syringes, e.g. with automatically actuated piston rod, with automatic needle injection, filling automatically	A61M	In the scheme	31,998
A61B5/14546	Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue for measuring analytes not otherwise provided for, e.g. ions, cytochromes	A61B	In the scheme	31,977
A61B90/37	Surgical systems with images on a monitor during operation	A61B	In the scheme	31,682
A61M2207/00	Methods of manufacture, assembly or production	A61M	In the scheme	31,512
A61B34/25	User interfaces for surgical systems	A61B	In the scheme	31,242
A61B5/02055	Simultaneously evaluating both cardiovascular condition and temperature	A61B	In the scheme	30,990
A61B5/165	Evaluating the state of mind, e.g. depression, anxiety	A61B	In the scheme	30,866
A61F2/2418	Scaffolds therefor, e.g. support stents	A61F	In the scheme	30,802
A61B2090/064	Measuring instruments not otherwise provided for for measuring force, pressure or mechanical tension	A61B	In the scheme	30,612
A61F2310/00023	Titanium or titanium-based alloys, e.g. Ti-Ni alloys	A61F	In the scheme	30,570
G16H10/40	ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for data related to laboratory analysis, e.g. patient specimen analysis	G16H	In the scheme	30,216
A61M2202/064	Powder	A61M	In the scheme	30,215
A61B5/14551	Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters for measuring blood gases	A61B	In the scheme	29,884
A61B5/1455	Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue using optical sensors, e.g. spectral photometrical oximeters	A61B	In the scheme	29,626
A61B34/37	Leader-follower robots	A61B	In the scheme	29,517
A61B17/29	Forceps for use in minimally invasive surgery	A61B	In the scheme	29,266
A61B5/02416	Measuring pulse rate or heart rate using photoplethysmograph signals, e.g. generated by infrared radiation	A61B	In the scheme	29,107
A61M5/3202	Devices for protection of the needle before use, e.g. caps	A61M	In the scheme	29,058
A61M5/24	Ampoule syringes, i.e. syringes with needle for use in combination with replaceable ampoules or carpules, e.g. automatic	A61M	In the scheme	28,950
A61B5/0059	Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence	A61B	In the scheme	28,892
A61B18/1206	Generators therefor	A61B	In the scheme	28,724
A61M2205/3592	Communication with non implanted data transmission devices, e.g. using external transmitter or receiver using telemetric means, e.g. radio or optical transmission	A61M	In the scheme	28,716
A61B2017/0046	Surgical instruments, devices or methods with a releasable handle; with handle and operating part separable	A61B	In the scheme	28,712
A61M25/10	Balloon catheters	A61M	In the scheme	28,697
A61B1/05	Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor combined with photographic or television appliances characterised by the image sensor, e.g. camera, being in the distal end portion	A61B	In the scheme	28,059
A61B2562/0247	Pressure sensors	A61B	In the scheme	27,900
A61B5/0075	Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons using light, e.g. diagnosis by transillumination, diascopy, fluorescence by spectroscopy, i.e. measuring spectra, e.g. Raman spectroscopy, infrared absorption spectroscopy	A61B	In the scheme	27,730
A61B2034/107	Visualisation of planned trajectories or target regions	A61B	In the scheme	27,646
A61F2220/0033	Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementary-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit	A61F	In the scheme	27,386
A61M11/042	Sprayers or atomisers specially adapted for therapeutic purposes operated by the vapour pressure of the liquid to be sprayed or atomised using heaters electrical	A61M	In the scheme	27,069
A61B2018/00791	Temperature	A61B	In the scheme	26,971
A61M16/024	Control means therefor including calculation means, e.g. using a processor	A61M	In the scheme	26,876
G16H40/40	ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the management of medical equipment or devices, e.g. scheduling maintenance or upgrades	G16H	In the scheme	26,287
A61B34/70	Manipulators specially adapted for use in surgery	A61B	In the scheme	26,278
A61M37/00	Other apparatus for introducing media into the body; Percutany, i.e. introducing medicines into the body by diffusion through the skin	A61M	In the scheme	26,265
A61B2217/005	Auxiliary appliance with suction drainage system	A61B	In the scheme	26,242
A61M25/09	Guide wires	A61M	In the scheme	26,033
A61M2205/505	Touch-screens; Virtual keyboard or keypads; Virtual buttons; Soft keys; Mouse touches	A61M	In the scheme	25,988
A61F2/4611	Special tools for implanting artificial joints for insertion or extraction of endoprosthetic joints or of accessories thereof of spinal prostheses	A61F	In the scheme	25,972
A61M2205/3306	Optical measuring means	A61M	In the scheme	25,938
A61B2017/00004	(bio)absorbable, (bio)resorbable or resorptive	A61B	In the scheme	25,812
A61B2034/2065	Tracking using image or pattern recognition	A61B	In the scheme	25,755
A61B18/1445	Probes having pivoting end effectors, e.g. forceps at the distal end of a shaft, e.g. forceps or scissors at the end of a rigid rod	A61B	In the scheme	25,741
A61M31/00	Devices for introducing or retaining media, e.g. remedies, in cavities of the body	A61M	In the scheme	25,691
A61B17/0469	Suturing instruments for use in minimally invasive surgery, e.g. endoscopic surgery	A61B	In the scheme	25,649
A61B5/150022	Source of blood for capillary blood or interstitial fluid	A61B	In the scheme	25,588
A61B18/12	Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by heating by passing a current through the tissue to be heated, e.g. high-frequency current	A61B	In the scheme	25,569
A61F2210/0004	Particular material properties of prostheses classified in groups A61F2/00 - A61F2/26 or A61F2/82 or A61F9/00 or A61F11/00 or subgroups thereof bioabsorbable	A61F	In the scheme	25,512
A61F2/90	Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure	A61F	In the scheme	25,356
A61M5/158	Needles for infusions; Accessories therefor, e.g. for inserting infusion needles, or for holding them on the body	A61M	In the scheme	25,348
A61B1/018	Instruments for performing medical examinations of the interior of cavities or tubes of the body by visual or photographical inspection, e.g. endoscopes; Illuminating arrangements therefor characterised by internal passages or accessories therefor for receiving instruments	A61B	In the scheme	25,266
A61N7/00	Ultrasound therapy	A61N	In the scheme	25,251
A61B17/00	Surgical instruments, devices or methods	A61B	In the scheme	25,202
A61B17/0057	Implements for plugging an opening in the wall of a hollow or tubular organ, e.g. for sealing a vessel puncture or closing a cardiac septal defect	A61B	In the scheme	25,172
A61F2/28	Bones	A61F	In the scheme	25,119
A61B2017/00243	Type of minimally invasive operation cardiac	A61B	In the scheme	25,102
A61F2/95	Instruments specially adapted for placement or removal of stents or stent-grafts	A61F	In the scheme	24,982
A61B2017/2927	Details of heads or jaws the angular position of the head being adjustable with respect to the shaft	A61B	In the scheme	24,866
A61F2230/0069	Three-dimensional shapes cylindrical	A61F	In the scheme	24,768
A61F2220/0075	Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements sutured, ligatured or stitched, retained or tied with a rope, string, thread, wire or cable	A61F	In the scheme	24,552
A61B17/072	Surgical staplers, e.g. containing multiple staples or clamps for applying a row of staples in a single action, e.g. the staples being applied simultaneously	A61B	In the scheme	24,507
A61B2018/00601	Cutting	A61B	In the scheme	24,391
A61B5/14542	Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration or pH-value ; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid or cerebral tissue for measuring blood gases	A61B	In the scheme	24,361
A61F2/82	Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents	A61F	In the scheme	24,332
A61B2034/301	Surgical robots for introducing or steering flexible instruments inserted into the body, e.g. catheters or endoscopes	A61B	In the scheme	24,324
A61B6/037	Emission tomography	A61B	In the scheme	24,100
A61B2090/3966	Radiopaque markers visible in an X-ray image	A61B	In the scheme	23,910
A61F2/915	Stents in a form characterised by the wire-like elements; Stents in the form characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure characterised by a net-like or mesh-like structure made from perforated sheets or tubes, e.g. perforated by laser cuts or etched holes with bands having a meander structure, adjacent bands being connected to each other	A61F	In the scheme	23,907
A61M39/10	Tube connectors; Tube couplings	A61M	In the scheme	23,735
A61M16/16	Devices to humidify the respiration air	A61M	In the scheme	23,696
A61B5/6852	Catheters	A61B	In the scheme	23,585
A61M5/2033	Spring-loaded one-shot injectors with or without automatic needle insertion	A61M	In the scheme	23,550
A61B17/3421	Cannulas	A61B	In the scheme	23,530
A61M15/00	Inhalators	A61M	In the scheme	23,324

Match: Through its tools

The classification names the equipment or technology the capability draws on, not the capability. The count says how much is being invented for it, not how well it is done. Captures the clinical devices and health informatics that care delivery uses, not coverage or affordability; consumer absorbent pads, person identification and epidemic modelling are excluded. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

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