← Capabilities
Production & Innovation

Services Economy

The capacity to produce services at scale and rising productivity: the finance, ICT, professional, health, education and visitor sectors that constitute most of most economies. One of the capabilities of Industrial & Sectoral Base.

International families
84k2015 to 2024
Leading country
United States1.5× the next
All families
435khome filings included
Over five years
Rising2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

United States

Japan

South Korea

China

Germany

Netherlands

Canada

Taiwan

France

Switzerland

24,048

16,321

11,491

8,566

3,398

2,606

1,818

1,570

1,484

1,484

2000 to 2025
1United States24,04828.8%1.3×
50,089
2Japan16,32119.5%1.4×
68,404
3South Korea11,49113.8%2.0×
82,895
4China8,56610.3%1.2×
197,330
5Germany3,3984.1%1.3×
4,605
6Netherlands2,6063.1%0.9×
2,877
7Canada1,8182.2%1.1×
2,914
8Taiwan1,5701.9%1.2×
5,869
9France1,4841.8%1.2×
2,094
10Switzerland1,4841.8%1.7×
1,799
11United Kingdom1,4091.7%1.2×
1,900
12Israel1,1281.4%1.1×
1,521
13India1,0951.3%1.4×
1,714
14Australia9611.2%1.1×
1,612
15Singapore5880.7%1.5×
698
16Cayman Islands5470.7%0.0×
594
17Sweden4450.5%0.9×
531
18Italy4400.5%1.3×
901
19Türkiye4260.5%2.8×
1,055
20Ireland3950.5%1.1×
592
21Finland3430.4%0.7×
433
22Denmark2990.4%1.2×
325
23Spain2600.3%1.3×
353
24Belgium2500.3%0.8×
316
25Russia2190.3%1.0×
426
26Hong Kong2000.2%0.6×
285
27New Zealand1380.2%2.0×
157
28Austria1340.2%1.6×
160
29Brazil1280.2%1.0×
428
30Poland860.1%1.8×
141
31South Africa830.1%0.8×
91
32Malaysia800.1%0.9×
124
33Luxembourg760.1%0.9×
98
34Norway670.1%0.9×
78
35Portugal660.1%1.3×
91
36Saudi Arabia530.1%2.5×
114
37Mexico380.0%0.6×
92
38Liechtenstein290.0%2.2×
33
39Hungary270.0%0.5×
36
40Czechia120.0%1.4×
27

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Services Economy. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

83,520 international families

KONINKLIJKE PHILIPS NV · Netherlands

TOYOTA MOTOR CORP · Japan

TOYOTA MOTOR CO LTD · Japan

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD · South Korea

NEC CORP · Japan

PING AN TECH SHENZHEN CO LTD · China

2,331

1,143

1,122

1,111

1,106

987

United States

24,048 international families

GE PREC HEALTHCARE LLC

MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INC

GE PRECISION MEDICINE LLC

UNIV CALIFORNIA

IBM

MEDTRONIC INC

378

323

268

268

261

244

Japan

16,321 international families

TOYOTA MOTOR CORP

TOYOTA MOTOR CO LTD

NEC CORP

FUJIFILM CORP

PANASONIC IP MAN CO LTD

HITACHI LTD

1,140

1,119

1,080

810

559

542

South Korea

11,491 international families

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

LG ELECTRONICS INC

COUPANG CORP

HYUNDAI MOTOR CO LTD

KIA CORP

ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS RES INST

1,109

255

244

196

168

159

China

8,566 international families

PING AN TECH SHENZHEN CO LTD

HUAWEI TECH CO LTD

ALIPAY HANGZHOU INF TECH CO LTD

TENCENT TECH SHENZHEN CO LTD

BOE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO LTD

SHANGHAI UNITED IMAGING HEALTHCARE CO LTD

987

246

243

218

210

172

Germany

3,398 international families

SIEMENS HEALTHCARE GMBH

Siemens Healthineers Ag

BIOTRONIK SE & CO KG

SIEMENS HEALTHCARE AG

FRESENIUS MEDICAL CARE DEUTSCHLAND GMBH

BOSCH GMBH ROBERT

852

559

144

130

111

94

Similar capabilities

The nine capabilities that share the most international patent families with Services Economy, 2015 to 2024: the families counted in both as a share of those counted in either. Each card shows its five largest countries.

Strategic Infrastructure

Health Infrastructure

44.6% shared · 50,356 families in both

United States

Japan

China

South Korea

Germany

24,406

13,906

7,434

6,894

5,818

Human Capital

Service Delivery & Coverage

17.3% shared · 50,866 families in both

United States

Japan

China

South Korea

Germany

84,023

38,520

26,886

18,896

17,937

Production & Innovation

Digital Economy Adoption

13.5% shared · 18,674 families in both

United States

Japan

China

South Korea

Germany

21,362

15,584

10,966

7,828

2,749

Critical Technology

Applied AI & Advanced Analytics

12.8% shared · 32,899 families in both

United States

China

Japan

South Korea

Germany

52,577

44,684

37,272

22,879

11,142

Strategic Infrastructure

Banks, Insurers & Systemic Institutions

9.1% shared · 7,657 families in both

United States

China

Japan

South Korea

Canada

2,907

1,531

1,087

813

421

Strategic Infrastructure

AI Tools & Applications

7.8% shared · 22,577 families in both

United States

China

Japan

South Korea

Germany

59,104

48,655

39,220

27,537

12,086

Critical Technology

Machine Learning & Foundation Models

7.3% shared · 13,020 families in both

United States

China

South Korea

Japan

Germany

32,358

20,768

15,108

13,257

5,948

Strategic Infrastructure

Payments & Settlement Systems

6.8% shared · 6,966 families in both

United States

Japan

China

South Korea

Germany

8,689

3,604

3,322

2,540

750

Strategic Infrastructure

Data Resources

6.8% shared · 11,099 families in both

United States

China

Japan

South Korea

Germany

28,809

23,945

12,592

7,266

3,037

Crosswalk

How Services Economy is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 132 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

EntryTitle in the schemeWhy it is chosenCPC codesIPC codesDocuments
G06Q50/10ServicesBusiness systems for hotels, travel, property, legal and education services178437,906
G06Q40/00Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxesSystems for finance, insurance and accounting849417,075
G16HHealthcare informatics, i.e. information and communication technology [ict] specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical or healthcare dataHealthcare informatics35371,526,569
G06Q50/26Government or public servicesLeft out

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Services Economy: 136 codes on 2,299,506 documents. The full crosswalk is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

CodeTitleUnder entryHow placedDocuments
G16H50/20ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for computer-aided diagnosis, e.g. based on medical expert systemsG16HIn the scheme175,225
G06Q50/10ServicesG06Q50/10In the scheme163,946
G16H10/60ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for patient-specific data, e.g. for electronic patient recordsG16HIn the scheme123,154
G16H50/30ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for calculating health indices; for individual health risk assessmentG16HIn the scheme120,421
G16H40/67ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for remote operationG16HIn the scheme113,695
G16H40/63ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devices for local operationG16HIn the scheme112,417
G06Q40/04Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchangeG06Q40/00In the scheme99,907
G16H50/70ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for mining of medical data, e.g. analysing previous cases of other patientsG16HIn the scheme87,870
G16H30/40ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images for processing medical images, e.g. editingG16HIn the scheme81,189
G06Q40/02Banking, e.g. interest calculation or account maintenanceG06Q40/00In the scheme68,345
G16H40/20ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities, e.g. managing hospital staff or surgery roomsG16HIn the scheme65,665
G16H30/20ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical images for handling medical images, e.g. DICOM, HL7 or PACSG16HIn the scheme60,268
G16H50/50ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for simulation or modelling of medical disordersG16HIn the scheme57,251
G06Q40/08InsuranceG06Q40/00In the scheme53,519
G16H20/40ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to mechanical, radiation or invasive therapies, e.g. surgery, laser therapy, dialysis or acupunctureG16HIn the scheme52,979
G06Q40/00Finance; Insurance; Tax strategies; Processing of corporate or income taxesG06Q40/00In the scheme51,036
G16H20/30ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to physical therapies or activities, e.g. physiotherapy, acupressure or exercisingG16HIn the scheme48,882
G16H20/10ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patientsG16HIn the scheme47,233
G06Q40/06Asset management; Financial planning or analysisG06Q40/00In the scheme45,735
G16H15/00ICT specially adapted for medical reports, e.g. generation or transmission thereofG16HIn the scheme42,059
G06Q40/03Credit; Loans; Processing thereofG06Q40/00In the scheme38,808
G16H10/20ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for electronic clinical trials or questionnairesG16HIn the scheme34,850
G16H20/17ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients delivered via infusion or injectionG16HIn the scheme34,131
G16H80/00ICT specially adapted for facilitating communication between medical practitioners or patients, e.g. for collaborative diagnosis, therapy or health monitoringG16HIn the scheme33,173
G06Q50/22Social work or social welfare, e.g. community support activities or counselling servicesG06Q50/10In the scheme30,777
G16H10/40ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for data related to laboratory analysis, e.g. patient specimen analysisG16HIn the scheme30,216
G06Q50/205Education administration or guidanceG06Q50/10In the scheme28,768
G16H40/40ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the management of medical equipment or devices, e.g. scheduling maintenance or upgradesG16HIn the scheme26,287
G06Q50/12Hotels or restaurantsG06Q50/10In the scheme25,573
G06Q40/12AccountingG06Q40/00In the scheme25,068
G06Q50/20EducationG06Q50/10In the scheme22,729
G16H20/70ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to mental therapies, e.g. psychological therapy or autogenous trainingG16HIn the scheme21,946
G16H20/60ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to nutrition control, e.g. dietsG16HIn the scheme21,444
G16H20/13ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to drugs or medications, e.g. for ensuring correct administration to patients delivered from dispensersG16HIn the scheme19,373
G06Q50/18Legal servicesG06Q50/10In the scheme17,295
G16H40/60ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devices for the operation of medical equipment or devicesG16HIn the scheme16,739
G16H20/00ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient complianceG16HIn the scheme14,921
G16H70/40ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical references relating to drugs, e.g. their side effects or intended usageG16HIn the scheme14,730
G06Q50/16Real estateG06Q50/10In the scheme14,377
G16H70/20ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical references relating to practices or guidelinesG16HIn the scheme13,501
G06Q50/14Travel agenciesG06Q50/10In the scheme13,369
G06Q50/184Intellectual property managementG06Q50/10In the scheme12,735
G16H70/60ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical references relating to pathologiesG16HIn the scheme10,977
G06Q40/125Finance or payrollG06Q40/00In the scheme10,955
G16H50/80ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemics, e.g. fluG16HIn the scheme10,867
G16H10/65ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare data for patient-specific data, e.g. for electronic patient records stored on portable record carriers, e.g. on smartcards, RFID tags or CDG16HIn the scheme8,760
G06Q50/188Electronic negotiationG06Q50/10In the scheme7,080
G16H30/00ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical imagesG16HIn the scheme6,950
G06Q50/163Real estate managementG06Q50/10In the scheme6,442
G06Q50/2057Career enhancement or continuing education serviceG06Q50/10In the scheme6,410
G16H10/00ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of patient-related medical or healthcare dataG16HIn the scheme6,224
G06Q40/123Tax preparation or submissionG06Q40/00In the scheme6,017
G16H70/00ICT specially adapted for the handling or processing of medical referencesG16HIn the scheme5,588
G06Q40/10Tax strategiesG06Q40/00In the scheme5,238
G06Q40/025Retired codeG06Q40/00Retired, by main group4,675
G16H50/00ICT specially adapted for medical diagnosis, medical simulation or medical data mining; ICT specially adapted for detecting, monitoring or modelling epidemics or pandemicsG16HIn the scheme2,811
G16H20/90ICT specially adapted for therapies or health-improving plans, e.g. for handling prescriptions, for steering therapy or for monitoring patient compliance relating to alternative medicines, e.g. homeopathy or oriental medicinesG16HIn the scheme2,511
G16H40/00ICT specially adapted for the management or administration of healthcare resources or facilities; ICT specially adapted for the management or operation of medical equipment or devicesG16HIn the scheme2,262
G06Q50/165Land developmentG06Q50/10In the scheme2,035
G06Q50/2053Education institution selection, admissions, or financial aidG06Q50/10In the scheme1,605
G06Q50/167ClosingG06Q50/10In the scheme1,218
G06Q50/182Alternative dispute resolutionG06Q50/10In the scheme998
G06Q40/128Check-book balancing, updating or printing arrangementsG06Q40/00In the scheme991
G06Q40/043Tools or interfaces specially adapted for trading or brokeringG06Q40/00In the scheme715
G06Q50/186Estate planningG06Q50/10In the scheme505
G06Q40/049Trading or exchanging carbon credits or renewable energy certificatesG06Q40/00In the scheme362
G06Q40/0421Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange using financial market analysis, e.g. trading predictions, or forecasting using artificial intelligence, machine learning or neural networksG06Q40/00In the scheme260
G06Q40/024Anti-fraud, anti-money laundering or know-your-customerG06Q40/00In the scheme236
G06Q40/055Trading non-fungible tokens [NFT]G06Q40/00In the scheme234
G06Q40/042Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange using financial market analysis, e.g. trading predictions, or forecastingG06Q40/00In the scheme228
G06Q40/09Insurance using artificial intelligence, machine learning or neural networksG06Q40/00In the scheme227
G06Q40/0631Asset management predictions or forecasting using artificial intelligence, machine learning or neural networksG06Q40/00In the scheme195
G06Q40/084Insurance by insurance claims processingG06Q40/00In the scheme182
G06Q40/063Asset management predictions or forecastingG06Q40/00In the scheme174
G06Q40/062Investment screening, selection or watchlistG06Q40/00In the scheme161
G06Q40/033Analysing or forecasting financial condition of borrowersG06Q40/00In the scheme157
G06Q40/046Trading across multiple trading exchanges or platformsG06Q40/00In the scheme153
G06Q40/03055Platforms for credit or lending product research, comparison or matching using artificial intelligence, machine learning or neural networksG06Q40/00In the scheme152
G06Q40/082Insurance platforms for insurance research, comparison or matching insurance customers and providers using insurance risk factorsG06Q40/00In the scheme148
G06Q40/045Accepting or processing orders in an exchangeG06Q40/00In the scheme144
G06Q40/0305Platforms for credit or lending product research, comparison or matchingG06Q40/00In the scheme136
G06Q40/0822Insurance platforms for insurance research, comparison or matching insurance customers and providers using insurance risk factors by determining insurance risk or faultG06Q40/00In the scheme135
G06Q40/022Management of bank accounts, e.g. opening or closing of bank accounts, new customer bank accountsG06Q40/00In the scheme125
G06Q40/124AuditingG06Q40/00In the scheme110
G06Q40/086Insurance by calculating insurance premiums for insurance policiesG06Q40/00In the scheme107
G06Q40/034Loan servicingG06Q40/00In the scheme106
G06Q40/023Banking, e.g. interest calculation or account maintenance specially adapted for online bankingG06Q40/00In the scheme105
G06Q40/031Credit restrictions on particular classes of purchases or children accountsG06Q40/00In the scheme95
G06Q40/0431Displaying financial market dataG06Q40/00In the scheme93
G06Q40/0222Monitoring, detecting or alert notifications of bank account eventsG06Q40/00In the scheme91
G06Q40/083Insurance using fraud detection or prevention analysisG06Q40/00In the scheme84
G06Q40/0841Insurance by insurance claims processing using image analysisG06Q40/00In the scheme82
G06Q40/0451Prioritising, queuing or matching trade orders in an exchangeG06Q40/00In the scheme81
G06Q40/126Corporate accountingG06Q40/00In the scheme79
G06Q40/0842Insurance by insurance claims processing using sensorsG06Q40/00In the scheme77
G06Q40/064Asset management; Financial planning or analysis including visualisation for planning or analysisG06Q40/00In the scheme75
G06Q40/039Personal or business loansG06Q40/00In the scheme74
G06Q40/026Banking interfacesG06Q40/00In the scheme69
G06Q40/03251Account notification, monitoring, detecting, or reporting therefor specially adapted for detecting or preventing credit or loan fraud using artificial intelligence, machine learning or neural networksG06Q40/00In the scheme68
G06Q40/053Trading fiat currencyG06Q40/00In the scheme63
G06Q40/085Insurance for coordinating insurance risk prevention measures for insurance policy coverageG06Q40/00In the scheme63
G06Q40/08221Insurance platforms for insurance research, comparison or matching insurance customers and providers using insurance risk factors by determining insurance risk or fault using vehicle data and driving dataG06Q40/00In the scheme62
G06Q40/032Account notification, monitoring, detecting, or reporting thereforG06Q40/00In the scheme60
G06Q40/0325Account notification, monitoring, detecting, or reporting therefor specially adapted for detecting or preventing credit or loan fraudG06Q40/00In the scheme59
G06Q40/048Trading margin, collateral, or credit worthiness of trading partnersG06Q40/00In the scheme58
G06Q40/052Trading or analysing derivativesG06Q40/00In the scheme55
G06Q40/05Trading or analysing debt instrumentsG06Q40/00In the scheme54
G06Q40/068Investment funding including crowdfunding or crowdlendingG06Q40/00In the scheme54
G06Q40/0821Insurance platforms for insurance research, comparison or matching insurance customers and providers using insurance risk factors by recommending insurance products, customers or providers based on risk analysisG06Q40/00In the scheme52
G06Q40/038Car or vehicle loansG06Q40/00In the scheme50
G06Q40/054Trading investment funds, e.g. mutual funds or hedge fundsG06Q40/00In the scheme50
G06Q40/036MortgagesG06Q40/00In the scheme44
G06Q40/066Retirement planningG06Q40/00In the scheme38
G06Q40/0221Intra-bank account relationships, e.g. sub-accounts, linked or joint accountsG06Q40/00In the scheme36
G06Q40/0861Insurance by calculating insurance premiums for insurance policies using sensorsG06Q40/00In the scheme34
G06Q40/103Retired codeG06Q40/00Retired, by main group34
G06Q40/065BudgetingG06Q40/00In the scheme31
G06Q40/035Credit; Loans; Processing thereof using financial equations or formulasG06Q40/00In the scheme29
G06Q40/0225Bank transfers not related to payment transactionsG06Q40/00In the scheme28
G06Q40/044Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange using tick sizes or order constraintsG06Q40/00In the scheme28
G06Q40/051Trading or analysing equity instrumentsG06Q40/00In the scheme28
G06Q40/0545Trading exchange traded fundsG06Q40/00In the scheme28
G06Q40/067Financial business planningG06Q40/00In the scheme27
G06Q40/08223Insurance platforms for insurance research, comparison or matching insurance customers and providers using insurance risk factors by determining insurance risk or fault by calculating potential insurance loss valueG06Q40/00In the scheme27
G06Q40/029Banking at kiosks, computers, point of sale [POS] terminals or automated teller machines [ATM]G06Q40/00In the scheme23
G06Q40/087Insurance using annuitiesG06Q40/00In the scheme22
G06Q40/028Processing paper chequesG06Q40/00In the scheme21
G06Q40/0223For planning or pre-staging a bank account transactionG06Q40/00In the scheme20
G06Q40/047Trading; Exchange, e.g. stocks, commodities, derivatives or currency exchange including trading crash mitigation or circuit breakersG06Q40/00In the scheme19
G06Q40/08222Insurance platforms for insurance research, comparison or matching insurance customers and providers using insurance risk factors by determining insurance risk or fault by calculating actual insurance loss valueG06Q40/00In the scheme16
G06Q40/0432Tools or interfaces specially adapted for trading or brokering using pricing grids or laddersG06Q40/00In the scheme15
G06Q40/037Revolving line of creditG06Q40/00In the scheme12
G06Q40/105Retired codeG06Q40/00Retired, by main group12
G06Q40/0525Trading or analysing derivatives using binary options or trading in prediction marketsG06Q40/00In the scheme7
G06Q40/07Retired codeG06Q40/00Retired, by main group1
G06Q40/108Retired codeG06Q40/00Retired, by main group1
Match: Through its tools
The classification names the equipment or technology the capability draws on, not the capability. The count says how much is being invented for it, not how well it is done. A loose sector-wide match on software built for service industries; it leaves out government services and cannot see service output or productivity, which mostly generate no patents. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

Other capabilities in Industrial & Sectoral Base