Critical Technology

Advanced Imaging & Photonic Sensing

The capacity to see beyond the visible: multispectral and hyperspectral imaging, photonic sensing and the electro-optical technologies that turn light into information. One of the capabilities of Sensing, Timing & Navigation.

International families: 57k2015 to 2024
Leading country: Japan1.4× the next
All families: 150khome filings included
Over five years: Steady2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

Japan

United States

China

South Korea

Germany

Taiwan

France

Switzerland

United Kingdom

Canada

15,415

10,867

7,351

5,927

5,220

2,718

1,947

933

851

599


1	Japan	15,415	27.0%	0.9×	21,394
2	United States	10,867	19.1%	0.9×	17,690
3	China	7,351	12.9%	1.4×	71,482
4	South Korea	5,927	10.4%	1.5×	15,090
5	Germany	5,220	9.2%	1.0×	7,790
6	Taiwan	2,718	4.8%	1.2×	3,759
7	France	1,947	3.4%	1.1×	2,321
8	Switzerland	933	1.6%	1.3×	1,014
9	United Kingdom	851	1.5%	0.9×	1,081
10	Canada	599	1.1%	1.1×	754
11	Israel	549	1.0%	1.0×	739
12	Netherlands	527	0.9%	0.8×	590
13	Singapore	502	0.9%	1.4×	628
14	Sweden	442	0.8%	1.1×	488
15	Austria	355	0.6%	1.2×	376
16	Belgium	336	0.6%	1.1×	371
17	Australia	331	0.6%	1.1×	382
18	Finland	324	0.6%	0.9×	370
19	Italy	301	0.5%	1.0×	403
20	Spain	173	0.3%	0.7×	205
21	Türkiye	117	0.2%	1.7×	182
22	Russia	115	0.2%	1.1×	736
23	Denmark	97	0.2%	1.2×	100
24	India	91	0.2%	1.0×	152
25	Ireland	80	0.1%	0.7×	129
26	Norway	74	0.1%	0.6×	81
27	Saudi Arabia	71	0.1%	0.4×	108
28	Cayman Islands	67	0.1%	0.3×	103
29	Hong Kong	49	0.1%	1.3×	81
30	Poland	45	0.1%	1.3×	164
31	Portugal	38	0.1%	2.2×	47
32	Luxembourg	30	0.1%	0.6×	41
33	Czechia	30	0.1%	1.0×	54
34	Liechtenstein	27	0.0%	0.9×	30
35	Brazil	23	0.0%	1.3×	94
36	New Zealand	23	0.0%	2.3×	29
37	Malaysia	19	0.0%	1.1×	31
38	Mexico	12	0.0%	0.1×	47
39	Hungary	8	0.0%	7.0×	17
40	South Africa	7	0.0%	1.3×	7

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Advanced Imaging & Photonic Sensing. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

57,007 international families

SONY SEMICONDUCTOR SOLUTIONS CORP · Japan

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD · South Korea

CANON KK · Japan

BOSCH GMBH ROBERT · Germany

PANASONIC IP MAN CO LTD · Japan

FUJIFILM CORP · Japan

3,006

2,309

1,320

978

797

758

Japan

15,415 international families

SONY SEMICONDUCTOR SOLUTIONS CORP

CANON KK

PANASONIC IP MAN CO LTD

FUJIFILM CORP

SONY CORP

MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORP

3,005

1,320

797

758

571

437

United States

10,867 international families

OMNIVISION TECH INC

FORD GLOBAL TECH LLC

SEMICONDUCTOR COMPONENTS IND LLC

GM GLOBAL TECH OPERATIONS LLC

WAYMO LLC

RAYTHEON CO

397

377

305

298

229

183

China

7,351 international families

HUAWEI TECH CO LTD

BOE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO LTD

SZ DJI TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

SUTENG INNOVATION TECH CO LTD

HESAI TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

SHENZHEN YINWANG INTELLIGENT TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

592

556

345

270

229

183

South Korea

5,927 international families

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

SK HYNIX INC

HYUNDAI MOTOR CO LTD

KIA CORP

SAMSUNG DISPLAY CO LTD

KIA MOTORS CORP

2,304

452

345

284

280

199

Germany

5,220 international families

BOSCH GMBH ROBERT

SICK AG

VALEO SCHALTER & SENSOREN GMBH

2.1% shared · 2,982 families in both

Japan

South Korea

United States

Taiwan

China

24,716

15,416

12,420

11,991

9,796

Crosswalk

How Advanced Imaging & Photonic Sensing is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 617 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

Entry	Title in the scheme	Why it is chosen	CPC codes	IPC codes	Documents
G01J3/00	Spectrometry; Spectrophotometry; Monochromators; Measuring colours	Spectrometry, including hyperspectral imaging spectrometers	204	34	425,300
G01J5/00	Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry	Infrared radiation measurement and thermal imaging	167	53	262,015
G01J9/00	Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength	Optical phase and wavefront measurement	32	3	19,241
G01S17/00	Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems	Lidar systems	40	30	429,474
G01S7/48	Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00	Lidar components and signal processing	43	21	329,351
H04N23/20	Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from infrared radiation only	Infrared cameras	3	3	25,431
H04N5/33	Transforming infrared radiation	Infrared image conversion	1	1	12,176
H10F39/00	Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays	Image sensors and detector arrays	159	12	862,070
H10F30/00	Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors	Photodetectors	44	18	86,844
G01D5/353	Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre	Fibre-optic sensors	31	1	35,831
G02B23/12	Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices with means for image conversion or intensification	Night-vision and image-intensifying sights	2	1	8,459

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Advanced Imaging & Photonic Sensing: 726 codes on 2,495,565 documents. The 150 most used are listed; the full list is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

Code	Title	Under entry	How placed	Documents
G01S17/89	Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for mapping or imaging	G01S17/00	In the scheme	58,809
G01S17/931	Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes of land vehicles	G01S17/00	In the scheme	58,712
H10F39/18	Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor [CMOS] image sensors; Photodiode array image sensors	H10F39/00	In the scheme	45,024
H10F39/811	Interconnections	H10F39/00	In the scheme	41,025
H10F39/8063	Microlenses	H10F39/00	In the scheme	40,042
H10F39/8053	Colour filters	H10F39/00	In the scheme	38,940
H10F39/12	Image sensors	H10F39/00	In the scheme	34,997
G01S17/42	Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates	G01S17/00	In the scheme	33,796
G01S17/86	Combinations of lidar systems with systems other than lidar, radar or sonar, e.g. with direction finders	G01S17/00	In the scheme	33,514
G01S17/08	Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only	G01S17/00	In the scheme	33,313
G01S7/497	Means for monitoring or calibrating	G01S7/48	In the scheme	30,819
G01S7/4817	Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning	G01S7/48	In the scheme	29,524
H10F39/802	Geometry or disposition of elements in pixels, e.g. address-lines or gate electrodes	H10F39/00	In the scheme	28,236
H10F39/803	Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements	H10F39/00	In the scheme	27,281
H10F39/807	Pixel isolation structures	H10F39/00	In the scheme	26,760
H10F39/199	Back-illuminated image sensors	H10F39/00	In the scheme	26,224
G01S17/10	Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of interrupted, pulse-modulated waves	G01S17/00	In the scheme	25,829
G01S17/894	Three-dimensional [3D] imaging with simultaneous measurement of time-of-flight at a two-dimensional [2D] array of receiver pixels, e.g. time-of-flight cameras or flash lidar	G01S17/00	In the scheme	25,726
H10F39/806	Optical elements or arrangements associated with the image sensors	H10F39/00	In the scheme	25,576
H10F39/804	Containers or encapsulations	H10F39/00	In the scheme	25,335
H10F39/024	Manufacture or treatment of image sensors covered by group H10F39/12 of coatings or optical elements	H10F39/00	In the scheme	24,815
G01S17/88	Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications	G01S17/00	In the scheme	24,085
H10F39/8037	Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements the integrated elements comprising a transistor	H10F39/00	In the scheme	23,258
H10F39/8057	Optical shielding	H10F39/00	In the scheme	22,417
H10F39/014	Manufacture or treatment of image sensors covered by group H10F39/12 of CMOS image sensors	H10F39/00	In the scheme	21,978
H10F39/809	Constructional details of image sensors of hybrid image sensors	H10F39/00	In the scheme	21,615
H10F39/182	Colour image sensors	H10F39/00	In the scheme	20,525
G01S7/481	Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements	G01S7/48	In the scheme	19,400
H10F39/026	Wafer-level processing	H10F39/00	In the scheme	19,328
G01S7/4816	Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of receivers alone	G01S7/48	In the scheme	18,615
G01S7/4813	Housing arrangements	G01S7/48	In the scheme	17,385
G01S7/4802	Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00 using analysis of echo signal for target characterisation; Target signature; Target cross-section	G01S7/48	In the scheme	17,322
H10F39/011	Manufacture or treatment of image sensors covered by group H10F39/12	H10F39/00	In the scheme	16,690
G01J2005/0077	Imaging	G01J5/00	In the scheme	16,564
G01J3/2823	Imaging spectrometer	G01J3/00	In the scheme	16,300
G01J3/02	Details	G01J3/00	In the scheme	16,044
G01J3/28	Investigating the spectrum	G01J3/00	In the scheme	15,800
G01J3/10	Arrangements of light sources specially adapted for spectrometry or colorimetry	G01J3/00	In the scheme	15,120
G01S7/4808	Evaluating distance, position or velocity data	G01S7/48	In the scheme	15,101
G01S7/4865	Time delay measurement, e.g. time-of-flight measurement, time of arrival measurement or determining the exact position of a peak	G01S7/48	In the scheme	14,917
G01S7/4814	Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone	G01S7/48	In the scheme	14,886
G01S7/484	Transmitters	G01S7/48	In the scheme	14,728
G01J3/42	Absorption spectrometry; Double beam spectrometry; Flicker spectrometry; Reflection spectrometry	G01J3/00	In the scheme	14,582
H04N23/20	Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from infrared radiation only	H04N23/20	In the scheme	14,121
G01S7/4815	Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements of transmitters alone using multiple transmitters	G01S7/48	In the scheme	14,104
G01J3/0208	Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using focussing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or mirrors; performing aberration correction	G01J3/00	In the scheme	13,875
H10F39/8023	Disposition of the elements in pixels, e.g. smaller elements in the centre of the imager compared to larger elements at the periphery	H10F39/00	In the scheme	13,280
G01J3/2803	Investigating the spectrum using photoelectric array detector	G01J3/00	In the scheme	13,068
H10F39/805	Coatings	H10F39/00	In the scheme	12,913
G01S17/58	Velocity or trajectory determination systems; Sense-of-movement determination systems	G01S17/00	In the scheme	12,832
G01S7/4863	Detector arrays, e.g. charge-transfer gates	G01S7/48	In the scheme	12,825
G01S17/04	Systems determining the presence of a target	G01S17/00	In the scheme	12,425
G01S17/87	Combinations of systems using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves	G01S17/00	In the scheme	12,306
H10F39/8033	Photosensitive area	H10F39/00	In the scheme	12,096
H04N5/33	Transforming infrared radiation	H04N5/33	In the scheme	11,549
H10F39/80	Constructional details of image sensors	H10F39/00	In the scheme	11,474
H10F39/813	Electronic components shared by multiple pixels, e.g. one amplifier shared by two pixels	H10F39/00	In the scheme	11,276
G01S17/06	Systems determining position data of a target	G01S17/00	In the scheme	10,614
G01J5/48	Thermography; Techniques using wholly visual means	G01J5/00	In the scheme	10,251
H10F39/018	Manufacture or treatment of image sensors covered by group H10F39/12 of hybrid image sensors	H10F39/00	In the scheme	10,100
G01J3/44	Raman spectrometry; Scattering spectrometry ; Fluorescence spectrometry	G01J3/00	In the scheme	10,042
G01S7/4811	Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver	G01S7/48	In the scheme	9,968
H10F39/8067	Reflectors	H10F39/00	In the scheme	9,895
G01S17/66	Tracking systems using electromagnetic waves other than radio waves	G01S17/00	In the scheme	9,802
G01J3/26	Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using multiple reflection, e.g. Fabry-Perot interferometer, variable interference filters	G01J3/00	In the scheme	9,756
G01J3/0218	Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using optical fibers	G01J3/00	In the scheme	9,659
H01L27/14636	Retired code	H10F39/00	Retired, by concordance	9,603
H10F30/225	Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation the devices having only one potential barrier, e.g. photodiodes the potential barrier working in avalanche mode, e.g. avalanche photodiodes	H10F30/00	In the scheme	9,558
H04N23/23	Cameras or camera modules comprising electronic image sensors; Control thereof for generating image signals from infrared radiation only from thermal infrared radiation	H04N23/20	In the scheme	9,057
G01J3/0291	Housings; Spectrometer accessories; Spatial arrangement of elements, e.g. folded path arrangements	G01J3/00	In the scheme	8,966
G01J3/46	Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters	G01J3/00	In the scheme	8,906
G01J5/0025	Living bodies	G01J5/00	In the scheme	8,893
G01J5/20	Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors using resistors, thermistors or semiconductors sensitive to radiation, e.g. photoconductive devices	G01J5/00	In the scheme	8,850
G01J5/00	Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry	G01J5/00	In the scheme	8,769
H10F39/80373	Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements the integrated elements comprising a transistor characterised by the gate of the transistor	H10F39/00	In the scheme	8,735
H10F30/223	Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation the devices having only one potential barrier, e.g. photodiodes the potential barrier being a PIN barrier	H10F30/00	In the scheme	8,524
G01J3/0205	Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows	G01J3/00	In the scheme	8,448
G01J3/36	Investigating two or more bands of a spectrum by separate detectors	G01J3/00	In the scheme	8,430
G01J3/18	Generating the spectrum; Monochromators using diffraction elements, e.g. grating	G01J3/00	In the scheme	8,277
H10F30/20	Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors	H10F30/00	In the scheme	8,117
G01S17/36	Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated with phase comparison between the received signal and the contemporaneously transmitted signal	G01S17/00	In the scheme	7,940
H01L27/14627	Retired code	H10F39/00	Retired, by concordance	7,851
H01L27/14643	Retired code	H10F39/00	Retired, by concordance	7,815
H10F39/8027	Geometry of the photosensitive area	H10F39/00	In the scheme	7,785
H01L27/14621	Retired code	H10F39/00	Retired, by concordance	7,763
G01J3/50	Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors	G01J3/00	In the scheme	7,735
G01J5/10	Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors	G01J5/00	In the scheme	7,717
G01S7/4972	Alignment of sensor	G01S7/48	In the scheme	7,527
G01J3/021	Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using plane or convex mirrors, parallel phase plates, or particular reflectors	G01J3/00	In the scheme	7,461
H10F39/107	Integrated devices having multiple elements covered by H10F30/00 in a repetitive configuration, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays	H10F39/00	In the scheme	7,321
H10F39/184	Infrared image sensors	H10F39/00	In the scheme	7,227
G01S17/48	Active triangulation systems, i.e. using the transmission and reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves	G01S17/00	In the scheme	7,185
G01S7/4818	Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements using optical fibres	G01S7/48	In the scheme	7,149
G01S7/487	Extracting wanted echo signals, e.g. pulse detection	G01S7/48	In the scheme	7,113
G01S17/95	Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for meteorological use	G01S17/00	In the scheme	7,083
G01S7/4861	Circuits for detection, sampling, integration or read-out	G01S7/48	In the scheme	7,035
G01S17/93	Lidar systems specially adapted for specific applications for anti-collision purposes	G01S17/00	In the scheme	6,894
H10F39/103	Integrated devices the at least one element covered by H10F30/00 having potential barriers, e.g. integrated devices comprising photodiodes or phototransistors	H10F39/00	In the scheme	6,781
H10F30/10	Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices being sensitive to infrared radiation, visible or ultraviolet radiation, and having no potential barriers, e.g. photoresistors	H10F30/00	In the scheme	6,550
G02B23/12	Telescopes, e.g. binoculars; Periscopes; Instruments for viewing the inside of hollow bodies; Viewfinders; Optical aiming or sighting devices with means for image conversion or intensification	G02B23/12	In the scheme	6,545
H10F39/191	Photoconductor image sensors	H10F39/00	In the scheme	6,474
G01J5/02	Constructional details	G01J5/00	In the scheme	6,407
G01J2003/2826	Multispectral imaging, e.g. filter imaging	G01J3/00	In the scheme	6,364
G01J3/0256	Compact construction	G01J3/00	In the scheme	6,250
G01S17/34	Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated using transmission of continuous, frequency-modulated waves while heterodyning the received signal, or a signal derived therefrom, with a locally-generated signal related to the contemporaneously transmitted signal	G01S17/00	In the scheme	6,182
G01S7/4812	Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements common to transmitter and receiver transmitted and received beams following a coaxial path	G01S7/48	In the scheme	6,127
G01J3/0229	Optical elements not provided otherwise, e.g. optical manifolds, diffusers, windows using masks, aperture plates, spatial light modulators or spatial filters, e.g. reflective filters	G01J3/00	In the scheme	6,095
G01J5/04	Casings	G01J5/00	In the scheme	6,055
G01J3/027	Control of working procedures of a spectrometer; Failure detection; Bandwidth calculation	G01J3/00	In the scheme	6,040
G01J3/4406	Fluorescence spectrometry	G01J3/00	In the scheme	5,930
G01J9/00	Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength	G01J9/00	In the scheme	5,757
G01J3/0264	Electrical interface; User interface	G01J3/00	In the scheme	5,724
H10F30/21	Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation	H10F30/00	In the scheme	5,643
G01J5/0806	Focusing or collimating elements, e.g. lenses or concave mirrors	G01J5/00	In the scheme	5,574
G01J5/025	Interfacing a pyrometer to an external device or network; User interface	G01J5/00	In the scheme	5,565
G01J3/463	Colour matching	G01J3/00	In the scheme	5,548
H01L27/1463	Retired code	H10F39/00	Retired, by concordance	5,534
G01S17/32	Systems determining position data of a target for measuring distance only using transmission of continuous waves, whether amplitude-, frequency-, or phase-modulated, or unmodulated	G01S17/00	In the scheme	5,432
G01J5/80	Calibration	G01J5/00	In the scheme	5,357
G01S17/46	Indirect determination of position data	G01S17/00	In the scheme	5,260
G01J5/08	Optical arrangements	G01J5/00	In the scheme	5,193
G01J3/51	Measurement of colour; Colour measuring devices, e.g. colorimeters using electric radiation detectors using colour filters	G01J3/00	In the scheme	5,151
G01J5/12	Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry using electric radiation detectors using thermoelectric elements, e.g. thermocouples	G01J5/00	In the scheme	5,129
H10F30/221	Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation the devices having only one potential barrier, e.g. photodiodes the potential barrier being a PN homojunction	H10F30/00	In the scheme	5,121
H10F30/222	Individual radiation-sensitive semiconductor devices in which radiation controls the flow of current through the devices, e.g. photodetectors the devices having potential barriers, e.g. phototransistors the devices being sensitive to infrared, visible or ultraviolet radiation the devices having only one potential barrier, e.g. photodiodes the potential barrier being a PN heterojunction	H10F30/00	In the scheme	5,050
H10F39/1825	Multicolour image sensors having stacked structure, e.g. NPN, NPNPN or multiple quantum well [MQW] structures	H10F39/00	In the scheme	5,030
G01D5/35316	Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre using an interferometer arrangement using multiple waves interferometer using a Bragg gratings	G01D5/353	In the scheme	4,999
H01L27/1464	Retired code	H10F39/00	Retired, by concordance	4,996
H10F39/80377	Pixels having integrated switching, control, storage or amplification elements the integrated elements comprising a transistor characterised by the channel of the transistor, e.g. channel having a doping gradient	H10F39/00	In the scheme	4,962
H10F39/1898	Indirect radiation image sensors, e.g. using luminescent members	H10F39/00	In the scheme	4,893
G01J3/45	Interferometric spectrometry	G01J3/00	In the scheme	4,890
H10F39/153	Two-dimensional or three-dimensional array CCD image sensors	H10F39/00	In the scheme	4,868
H01L27/14685	Retired code	H10F39/00	Retired, by concordance	4,835
G01S7/4911	Transmitters	G01S7/48	In the scheme	4,828
G01J3/0202	Mechanical elements; Supports for optical elements	G01J3/00	In the scheme	4,819
G01J3/12	Generating the spectrum; Monochromators	G01J3/00	In the scheme	4,779
H01L27/14612	Retired code	H10F39/00	Retired, by concordance	4,779
G01S17/02	Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves	G01S17/00	In the scheme	4,735
H01L27/14623	Retired code	H10F39/00	Retired, by concordance	4,657
G01J2003/1213	Filters in general, e.g. dichroic, band	G01J3/00	In the scheme	4,643
G01J3/0272	Handheld	G01J3/00	In the scheme	4,625
H10F39/189	X-ray, gamma-ray or corpuscular radiation imagers	H10F39/00	In the scheme	4,621
G01J5/0003	Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the radiant heat transfer of samples, e.g. emittance meter	G01J5/00	In the scheme	4,606
G01J9/02	Measuring optical phase difference; Determining degree of coherence; Measuring optical wavelength by interferometric methods	G01J9/00	In the scheme	4,591
H01L27/14645	Retired code	H10F39/00	Retired, by concordance	4,488
H10F39/016	Manufacture or treatment of image sensors covered by group H10F39/12 of thin-film-based image sensors	H10F39/00	In the scheme	4,459
G01S7/486	Receivers	G01S7/48	In the scheme	4,353
H10F39/198	Contact-type image sensors [CIS]	H10F39/00	In the scheme	4,344
G01D5/353	Mechanical means for transferring the output of a sensing member; Means for converting the output of a sensing member to another variable where the form or nature of the sensing member does not constrain the means for converting; Transducers not specially adapted for a specific variable characterised by optical transfer means, i.e. using infrared, visible, or ultraviolet light with attenuation or whole or partial obturation of beams of light the beams of light being detected by photocells influencing the transmission properties of an optical fibre	G01D5/353	In the scheme	4,325
G01J5/0022	Radiation pyrometry, e.g. infrared or optical thermometry for sensing the radiation of moving bodies	G01J5/00	In the scheme	4,324

Match: Direct

The capability is itself a technology or a kind of physical system, and the classification names it. H10F entries are new and thin in IPC, the older H01L27/146 being absent from the scheme; H10F39 includes consumer camera sensors. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

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