Strategic Infrastructure

Justice & Corrections

Justice and corrections covers the estate through which law is administered and enforced through the courts, including supreme and constitutional courts, court complexes, prosecution services, prisons and detention facilities, and forensic science laboratories. One of the capabilities of Social Infrastructure.

International families: 2,2852015 to 2024
Leading country: United States1.7× the next
All families: 15khome filings included
Over five years: Rising2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

United States

Japan

South Korea

China

Canada

Germany

United Kingdom

India

Australia

Taiwan

667

396

245

243


1	United States	667	29.2%	1.5×	2,059
2	Japan	396	17.3%	2.1×	1,584
3	South Korea	245	10.7%	1.8×	2,392
4	China	243	10.6%	0.9×	7,765
5	Canada	79	3.5%	1.1×	137
6	Germany	61	2.7%	1.1×	133
7	United Kingdom	55	2.4%	1.0×	110
8	India	54	2.4%	1.5×	75
9	Australia	51	2.2%	0.9×	112
10	Taiwan	50	2.2%	0.4×	147
11	Cayman Islands	50	2.2%	0.0×	51
12	Switzerland	45	2.0%	1.4×	66
13	France	34	1.5%	1.1×	109
14	Türkiye	24	1.1%	2.4×	38
15	Finland	22	1.0%	0.3×	27
16	Sweden	19	0.8%	0.6×	23
17	Italy	18	0.8%	0.6×	38
18	Israel	18	0.8%	1.0×	35
19	Singapore	18	0.8%	1.6×	24
20	Spain	14	0.6%	0.8×	21
21	Ireland	13	0.6%	0.9×	21
22	Brazil	10	0.4%	1.5×	31
23	South Africa	10	0.4%	2.3×	10
24	Saudi Arabia	10	0.4%	–	13
25	Belgium	8	0.4%	1.0×	22
26	Russia	8	0.4%	1.0×	27
27	Denmark	5	0.2%	1.5×	5
28	Netherlands	4	0.2%	3.0×	10
29	Austria	4	0.2%	1.0×	5
30	Hong Kong	4	0.2%	1.0×	10
31	New Zealand	4	0.2%	–	5
32	Portugal	3	0.1%	2.0×	3
33	Poland	2	0.1%	–	4
34	Malaysia	2	0.1%	1.0×	3
35	Hungary	2	0.1%	1.0×	2
36	Norway	1	0.0%	0.0×	1
37	Czechia	1	0.0%	–	1
38	Liechtenstein	1	0.0%	–	1
39	Luxembourg	0	0.0%	–	1
40	Mexico	0	0.0%	–	2

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Justice & Corrections. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

2,285 international families

ALIBABA GROUP HOLDING LTD · China

ADVANCED NEW TECHNOLOGIES CO LTD · Cayman Islands

ALIBABA GROUP SERVICES LTD · Cayman Islands

NEC CORP · Japan

PING AN TECH SHENZHEN CO LTD · China

LEGALON TECH INC · Japan

United States

667 international families

DOCUSIGN INC

AON RISK SERVICES INC OF MARYLAND

MICROSOFT TECHNOLOGY LICENSING LLC

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK NA

CAPITAL ONE SERVICES LLC

MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INC

Japan

396 international families

NEC CORP

LEGALON TECH INC

SEMICONDUCTOR ENERGY LAB

FUJITSU LTD

SONY GROUP CORP

HITACHI LTD

South Korea

245 international families

SAMSUNG ELECTRONICS CO LTD

ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS RES INST

BHSN

CHO YOUNG HWA

KIM BO EON

KOREA ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY

China

243 international families

PING AN TECH SHENZHEN CO LTD

SHENZHEN WINSTRONG INFORMATION TECH LTD

BEIJING GRIDSUM TECHNOLOGY CO

AOWEI INFORMATION TECH JIANGSU CO LTD

NANJING RUIXIANG INFORMATION TECH CO LTD

ALIPAY HANGZHOU INF TECH CO LTD

Canada

79 international families

UREEQA INC

FERO INT INC

KADRI MEDICAL LTD

ABAXX TECH INC

CRUMB JOSHUA

FEDAK ANDREW

Similar capabilities

The nine capabilities that share the most international patent families with Justice & Corrections, 2015 to 2024: the families counted in both as a share of those counted in either. Each card shows its five largest countries.

Governance & Integrity

2.2% shared · 410 families in both

United States

Japan

China

South Korea

Germany

4,952

2,438

1,902

1,526

1,399

Crosswalk

How Justice & Corrections is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 8 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

Entry	Title in the scheme	Why it is chosen	CPC codes	IPC codes	Documents
G06Q50/18	Legal services	Systems for legal services	5	1	38,613
E05B75/00	Handcuffs ; Finger cuffs; Leg irons; Handcuff holsters; Means for locking prisoners in automobiles	Handcuffs and prisoner restraints	2	1	2,088
E04H3/08	Hospitals, infirmaries, or the like; Schools; Prisons	Prison buildings, with hospitals and schools	1	1	4,716

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Justice & Corrections: 8 codes on 43,458 documents. The full crosswalk is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

Code	Title	Under entry	How placed	Documents
G06Q50/18	Legal services	G06Q50/18	In the scheme	17,295
G06Q50/184	Intellectual property management	G06Q50/18	In the scheme	12,735
G06Q50/188	Electronic negotiation	G06Q50/18	In the scheme	7,080
E04H3/08	Hospitals, infirmaries, or the like; Schools; Prisons	E04H3/08	In the scheme	3,197
E05B75/00	Handcuffs ; Finger cuffs; Leg irons; Handcuff holsters; Means for locking prisoners in automobiles	E05B75/00	In the scheme	1,600
G06Q50/182	Alternative dispute resolution	G06Q50/18	In the scheme	998
G06Q50/186	Estate planning	G06Q50/18	In the scheme	505
E05B75/005	Handcuff holders, e.g. for storage	E05B75/00	In the scheme	48

Match: Through its tools

The classification names the equipment or technology the capability draws on, not the capability. The count says how much is being invented for it, not how well it is done. Very thin: courts and prisons are institutions, and forensic work has no entry that excludes consumer biometrics. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

Justice & Corrections

Year by year

Volume

Share by country

Country leaderboard

Ten largest

Applicants

Global

United States

Japan

South Korea

China

Canada

Similar capabilities

Crosswalk

Other capabilities in Social Infrastructure