Financial Strength

Long-Term & Institutional Capital

The capacity to pool and allocate patient capital: pension systems, insurance and the institutional asset base that funds long horizons and deepens every other market. One of the capabilities of Financial System Depth & Access.

International families: 4,4012015 to 2024
Leading country: United States1.7× the next
All families: 30khome filings included
Over five years: Falling2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

United States

China

Japan

South Korea

Canada

Taiwan

Cayman Islands

Switzerland

India

Singapore

1,486

868

498

378

172


1	United States	1,486	33.8%	1.1×	5,222
2	China	868	19.7%	0.4×	16,837
3	Japan	498	11.3%	1.4×	1,957
4	South Korea	378	8.6%	1.9×	3,923
5	Canada	172	3.9%	1.3×	329
6	Taiwan	96	2.2%	0.7×	534
7	Cayman Islands	91	2.1%	0.0×	101
8	Switzerland	82	1.9%	1.4×	100
9	India	79	1.8%	1.7×	119
10	Singapore	71	1.6%	1.0×	86
11	United Kingdom	68	1.5%	1.1×	121
12	Türkiye	60	1.4%	5.7×	116
13	Australia	59	1.3%	0.7×	141
14	Germany	54	1.2%	1.1×	114
15	Israel	44	1.0%	0.8×	80
16	Hong Kong	40	0.9%	0.3×	48
17	Ireland	27	0.6%	0.3×	62
18	France	24	0.5%	0.8×	72
19	South Africa	21	0.5%	1.1×	25
20	Italy	20	0.5%	1.0×	53
21	Belgium	18	0.4%	0.2×	24
22	Netherlands	15	0.3%	0.4×	24
23	Russia	14	0.3%	0.4×	24
24	Sweden	11	0.2%	1.2×	18
25	New Zealand	11	0.2%	10×	12
26	Malaysia	9	0.2%	0.3×	16
27	Spain	8	0.2%	1.0×	14
28	Saudi Arabia	6	0.1%	–	10
29	Finland	4	0.1%	3.0×	6
30	Austria	4	0.1%	1.0×	7
31	Denmark	4	0.1%	–	4
32	Norway	4	0.1%	0.0×	4
33	Luxembourg	3	0.1%	–	5
34	Brazil	2	0.0%	1.0×	17
35	Liechtenstein	2	0.0%	–	2
36	Poland	1	0.0%	0.0×	6
37	Portugal	1	0.0%	–	3
38	Mexico	0	0.0%	–	4
39	Hungary	0	0.0%	–	1

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Long-Term & Institutional Capital. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

4,401 international families

PING AN TECH SHENZHEN CO LTD · China

ALIBABA GROUP HOLDING LTD · China

ALIBABA GROUP SERVICES LTD · Cayman Islands

ADVANCED NEW TECHNOLOGIES CO LTD · Cayman Islands

ALLSTATE INSURANCE CO · United States

TORONTO DOMINION BANK · Canada

422

165

140

112

United States

1,486 international families

ALLSTATE INSURANCE CO

JPMORGAN CHASE BANK NA

MASTERCARD INTERNATIONAL INC

TORONTO DOMINION BANK

CHICAGO MERCANTILE EXCHANGE INC

MITCHELL INT INC

China

868 international families

PING AN TECH SHENZHEN CO LTD

ALIBABA GROUP HOLDING LTD

PING AN TECHNOLOGY SHENZHEN CO LTD

PING AN MEDICAL AND HEALTHCARE MAN CO LTD

ONE CONNECT SMART TECH CO LTD SHENZHEN

PING AN MEDICAL HEALTH MAN CO LTD

422

Japan

498 international families

NEC CORP

TOYOTA MOTOR CO LTD

TOYOTA MOTOR CORP

HITACHI LTD

SONY GROUP CORP

SONY CORP

South Korea

378 international families

HYUNDAI MOTOR CO LTD

KIA CORP

AIZEN GLOBAL CO INC

COUPANG CORP

SHINHANAITAS CO LTD

AIZEN GLOBAL CO LNC

Canada

Japan

South Korea

China

Canada

667

396

245

243

Financial Strength

Payment & Market Infrastructure Oversight

3.1% shared · 640 families in both

United States

China

South Korea

Japan

Cayman Islands

6,452

2,381

1,618

1,604

589

Governance & Integrity

Access to Justice & Legal Services

3.1% shared · 191 families in both

United States

Japan

South Korea

China

Canada

584

369

224

199

Financial Strength

Revenue Mobilisation & Tax Administration

3.1% shared · 175 families in both

United States

Japan

China

South Korea

Canada

529

216

207

Crosswalk

How Long-Term & Institutional Capital is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 25 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

Entry	Title in the scheme	Why it is chosen	CPC codes	IPC codes	Documents
G06Q40/06	Asset management; Financial planning or analysis	Asset management and financial planning systems	9	1	46,490
G06Q40/08	Insurance	Insurance systems	16	1	54,837

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Long-Term & Institutional Capital: 25 codes on 101,327 documents. The full crosswalk is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

Code	Title	Under entry	How placed	Documents
G06Q40/08	Insurance	G06Q40/08	In the scheme	53,519
G06Q40/06	Asset management; Financial planning or analysis	G06Q40/06	In the scheme	45,735
G06Q40/09	Insurance using artificial intelligence, machine learning or neural networks	G06Q40/08	In the scheme	227
G06Q40/0631	Asset management predictions or forecasting using artificial intelligence, machine learning or neural networks	G06Q40/06	In the scheme	195
G06Q40/084	Insurance by insurance claims processing	G06Q40/08	In the scheme	182
G06Q40/063	Asset management predictions or forecasting	G06Q40/06	In the scheme	174
G06Q40/062	Investment screening, selection or watchlist	G06Q40/06	In the scheme	161
G06Q40/082	Insurance platforms for insurance research, comparison or matching insurance customers and providers using insurance risk factors	G06Q40/08	In the scheme	148
G06Q40/0822	Insurance platforms for insurance research, comparison or matching insurance customers and providers using insurance risk factors by determining insurance risk or fault	G06Q40/08	In the scheme	135
G06Q40/086	Insurance by calculating insurance premiums for insurance policies	G06Q40/08	In the scheme	107
G06Q40/083	Insurance using fraud detection or prevention analysis	G06Q40/08	In the scheme	84
G06Q40/0841	Insurance by insurance claims processing using image analysis	G06Q40/08	In the scheme	82
G06Q40/0842	Insurance by insurance claims processing using sensors	G06Q40/08	In the scheme	77
G06Q40/064	Asset management; Financial planning or analysis including visualisation for planning or analysis	G06Q40/06	In the scheme	75
G06Q40/085	Insurance for coordinating insurance risk prevention measures for insurance policy coverage	G06Q40/08	In the scheme	63
G06Q40/08221	Insurance platforms for insurance research, comparison or matching insurance customers and providers using insurance risk factors by determining insurance risk or fault using vehicle data and driving data	G06Q40/08	In the scheme	62
G06Q40/068	Investment funding including crowdfunding or crowdlending	G06Q40/06	In the scheme	54
G06Q40/0821	Insurance platforms for insurance research, comparison or matching insurance customers and providers using insurance risk factors by recommending insurance products, customers or providers based on risk analysis	G06Q40/08	In the scheme	52
G06Q40/066	Retirement planning	G06Q40/06	In the scheme	38
G06Q40/0861	Insurance by calculating insurance premiums for insurance policies using sensors	G06Q40/08	In the scheme	34
G06Q40/065	Budgeting	G06Q40/06	In the scheme	31
G06Q40/067	Financial business planning	G06Q40/06	In the scheme	27
G06Q40/08223	Insurance platforms for insurance research, comparison or matching insurance customers and providers using insurance risk factors by determining insurance risk or fault by calculating potential insurance loss value	G06Q40/08	In the scheme	27
G06Q40/087	Insurance using annuities	G06Q40/08	In the scheme	22
G06Q40/08222	Insurance platforms for insurance research, comparison or matching insurance customers and providers using insurance risk factors by determining insurance risk or fault by calculating actual insurance loss value	G06Q40/08	In the scheme	16

Match: Through its tools

The classification names the equipment or technology the capability draws on, not the capability. The count says how much is being invented for it, not how well it is done. Counts asset management and insurance technology, not the size of pension, insurance or institutional assets. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

Long-Term & Institutional Capital

Year by year

Volume

Share by country

Country leaderboard

Ten largest

Applicants

Global

United States

China

Japan

South Korea

Canada

Similar capabilities

Crosswalk

Other capabilities in Financial System Depth & Access