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Strategic Infrastructure

Mining & Quarrying

Mining and quarrying covers the extraction of solid minerals and materials from the earth, including open-pit and underground mines, quarries and mineral sands operations, together with on-site crushing and concentration. One of the capabilities of Resource Infrastructure.

International families
4,4382015 to 2024
Leading country
China2.4× the next
All families
64khome filings included
Over five years
Steady2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

China

United States

Germany

Australia

South Africa

Sweden

Canada

Finland

South Korea

United Kingdom

1,624

664

351

271

185

145

130

125

123

101

2000 to 2025
1China1,62436.6%2.0×
56,316
2United States66415.0%0.6×
1,079
3Germany3517.9%0.5×
466
4Australia2716.1%0.9×
421
5South Africa1854.2%0.6×
214
6Sweden1453.3%0.9×
156
7Canada1302.9%0.7×
175
8Finland1252.8%1.5×
136
9South Korea1232.8%0.9×
1,718
10United Kingdom1012.3%0.9×
140
11Japan942.1%1.0×
1,021
12France831.9%0.7×
106
13Austria491.1%1.0×
57
14Switzerland461.0%0.7×
54
15Russia390.9%0.4×
1,168
16Singapore350.8%1.7×
44
17Norway350.8%1.7×
52
18Netherlands320.7%0.5×
39
19Italy300.7%1.1×
61
20Spain250.6%0.9×
30
21Poland250.6%1.8×
476
22Liechtenstein240.5%0.8×
24
23Türkiye180.4%2.0×
41
24Taiwan150.3%0.5×
26
25Brazil130.3%0.3×
32
26Israel120.3%2.0×
15
27Belgium110.2%0.8×
11
28India80.2%1.0×
13
29Saudi Arabia70.2%0.8×
8
30Mexico70.2%0.0×
11
31Ireland50.1%0.7×
6
32Denmark40.1%0.3×
4
33Hong Kong40.1%3.0×
5
34Czechia40.1%0.0×
12
35New Zealand30.1%0.0×
3
36Luxembourg20.0%0.0×
2
37Malaysia10.0%0.0×
1
38Portugal00.0%–
1
39Hungary00.0%–
3

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Mining & Quarrying. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

4,438 international families

UNIV CHINA MINING · China

UNIV SHANDONG SCIENCE & TECH · China

UNIV CHINA MINING & TECHNOLOGY · China

SANDVIK MINING & CONSTRUCTION OY · Finland

JOY GLOBAL UNDERGROUND MINING LLC · United States

UNIV ANHUI SCI & TECHNOLOGY · China

340

135

114

110

86

86

China

1,624 international families

UNIV CHINA MINING

UNIV SHANDONG SCIENCE & TECH

UNIV CHINA MINING & TECHNOLOGY

UNIV ANHUI SCI & TECHNOLOGY

UNIV CHINA MINING & TECHNOLOGY BEIJING

UNIV HENAN POLYTECHNIC

340

135

114

86

38

33

United States

664 international families

JOY GLOBAL UNDERGROUND MINING LLC

CATERPILLAR INC

JOY MM DELAWARE INC

HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES INC

CATERPILLAR PAVING PRODUCTS INC

JOY GLOBAL SURFACE MINING INC

86

53

50

30

24

24

Germany

351 international families

WIRTGEN GMBH

THYSSENKRUPP AG

HERRENKNECHT AG

CATERPILLAR GLOBAL MINING EUROPE GMBH

BOMAG GMBH

THYSSENKRUPP IND SOLUTIONS AG

66

26

25

23

18

18

Australia

271 international families

SANDVIK MINING AND CONSTRUCTION AUSTRALIA PRODUCTION/SUPPLY PTY LTD

SANDVIK MINING AND CONSTRUCTION AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

TECH RESOURCES PTY LTD

COMMW SCIENT IND RES ORG

Caterpillar Underground Mining Pty Ltd

DSI UNDERGROUND AUSTRALIA PTY LTD

17

15

13

11

11

11

South Africa

185 international families

DETNET SOUTH AFRICA PTY LTD

NCM INNOVATIONS PTY LTD

DETNET SOUTH AFRICA (PTY) LTD

EPIROC HOLDINGS SOUTH AFRICA PTY LTD

INNOVATIVE MINING PRODUCTS PTY LTD

NCM INNOVATIONS (PTY) LTD

55

27

19

13

10

10

Similar capabilities

The nine capabilities that share the most international patent families with Mining & Quarrying, 2015 to 2024: the families counted in both as a share of those counted in either. Each card shows its five largest countries.

Strategic Infrastructure

Roads & Bridges

3.5% shared · 893 families in both

China

United States

Japan

Germany

South Korea

4,101

4,012

3,973

2,790

1,426

Strategic Infrastructure

Oil & Gas Extraction

2.6% shared · 1,059 families in both

United States

China

Saudi Arabia

France

Norway

17,083

4,363

2,572

1,718

1,707

National Security

Land Fires

2.4% shared · 137 families in both

United States

Germany

France

United Kingdom

South Korea

357

232

127

113

93

National Security

Operational Sustainment & War Reserves

1.4% shared · 65 families in both

United States

Germany

France

United Kingdom

China

88

67

32

24

23

Critical Technology

Energetic Materials

1.3% shared · 63 families in both

United States

France

China

Germany

Japan

166

62

59

59

41

Strategic Infrastructure

Military Bases & Installations

1.1% shared · 65 families in both

United States

Germany

South Korea

United Kingdom

Japan

353

218

111

100

84

Strategic Infrastructure

Hydropower

0.9% shared · 75 families in both

China

United States

Japan

South Korea

Germany

849

601

301

249

242

National Security

Combined Arms Manoeuvre

0.9% shared · 75 families in both

United States

Germany

France

Türkiye

United Kingdom

1,319

502

222

212

211

Strategic Infrastructure

Manufacturing Facilities

0.8% shared · 52 families in both

United States

France

Germany

United Kingdom

Japan

892

274

266

193

97

Crosswalk

How Mining & Quarrying is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 444 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

EntryTitle in the schemeWhy it is chosenCPC codesIPC codesDocuments
E21CMining or quarryingMining and quarrying methods and machines197155162,790
E21FSafety devices, transport, filling-up, rescue, ventilation, or draining in or of mines or tunnelsMine safety, ventilation, drainage, transport and backfilling7351228,850
E21D1/00Sinking shaftsSinking mine shafts11119,013
E21D15/00Props; Chocks, e.g. made of flexible containers filled with backfilling materialProps and chocks supporting mine workings693933,573
E21D20/00Setting anchoring-boltsSetting rock bolts in mine roofs and walls9240,042
E21D21/00Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protectionRock bolts for galleries and longwall workings16229,028
E21D23/00Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides thereforPowered roof supports for longwall mining591444,249
F42DBlastingBlasting methods for rock, mines and quarries333272,951

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Mining & Quarrying: 467 codes on 383,616 documents. The 150 most used are listed; the full list is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

CodeTitleUnder entryHow placedDocuments
E21F17/18Special adaptations of signalling or alarm devicesE21FIn the scheme17,234
E21F17/00Methods or devices for use in mines or tunnels, not covered elsewhereE21FIn the scheme10,697
F42D3/04Particular applications of blasting techniques for rock blastingF42DIn the scheme8,951
E21F7/00Methods or devices for drawing- off gases with or without subsequent use of the gas for any purposeE21FIn the scheme6,803
E21D20/003Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor boltsE21D20/00In the scheme6,691
E21D21/0026Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the boltsE21D21/00In the scheme6,046
E21D20/00Setting anchoring-boltsE21D20/00In the scheme5,753
F42D1/00Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tampingF42DIn the scheme5,711
E21C41/18Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for brown or hard coalE21CIn the scheme5,397
E21D20/02Setting anchoring-bolts with provisions for groutingE21D20/00In the scheme4,727
E21D21/008Anchoring or tensioning meansE21D21/00In the scheme4,708
E21F15/00Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workingsE21FIn the scheme4,453
F42D1/08Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus thereforF42DIn the scheme4,314
E21F16/02Drainage of tunnelsE21FIn the scheme4,031
F42D5/045Detonation-wave absorbing or damping meansF42DIn the scheme3,708
E21F11/00Rescue devices or other safety devices, e.g. safety chambers or escape waysE21FIn the scheme3,522
F42D1/05Electric circuits for blastingF42DIn the scheme3,438
E21F5/00Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or firesE21FIn the scheme3,324
E21C35/18Mining picks; Holders thereforE21CIn the scheme3,273
E21C50/00Obtaining minerals from underwater, not otherwise provided forE21CIn the scheme3,227
E21F5/04Spraying barriersE21FIn the scheme3,196
F42D3/00Particular applications of blasting techniquesF42DIn the scheme3,178
E21C35/00Details of, or accessories for, machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam, not provided for in groups E21C25/00 - E21C33/00, E21C37/00 or E21C39/00E21CIn the scheme3,132
F42D1/055Electric circuits for blasting specially adapted for firing multiple charges with a time delayF42DIn the scheme3,127
E21D23/04Structural features of the supporting construction, e.g. linking members between adjacent frames or sets of props; Means for counteracting lateral sliding on inclined floorE21D23/00In the scheme3,121
E21C35/183Mining picks; Holders therefor with inserts or layers of wear-resisting materialE21CIn the scheme3,116
E21F15/005Methods or devices for placing filling-up materials in underground workings characterised by the kind or composition of the backfilling materialE21FIn the scheme3,112
E21C35/20General features of equipment for removal of chippings, e.g. for loading on conveyorE21CIn the scheme2,964
E21D21/0093AccessoriesE21D21/00In the scheme2,931
E21C27/24Mineral freed by means not involving slitting by milling means acting on the full working face, i.e. the rotary axis of the tool carrier being substantially parallel to the working faceE21CIn the scheme2,913
F42D1/10Feeding explosives in granular or slurry form; Feeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressureF42DIn the scheme2,894
F42D1/04Arrangements for ignitionF42DIn the scheme2,849
E21D23/16Hydraulic or pneumatic features, e.g. circuits, arrangement or adaptation of valves, setting or retracting devicesE21D23/00In the scheme2,786
E21C41/16Methods of underground mining; Layouts thereforE21CIn the scheme2,773
E21D21/00Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protectionE21D21/00In the scheme2,655
E21F13/00Transport specially adapted to underground conditionsE21FIn the scheme2,646
F42D1/045Arrangements for electric ignitionF42DIn the scheme2,607
E21F5/20Drawing-off or depositing dustE21FIn the scheme2,600
E21D20/028Devices or accesories for injecting a grouting liquid in a bore-holeE21D20/00In the scheme2,588
E21D15/44Hydraulic, pneumatic, or hydraulic-pneumatic propsE21D15/00In the scheme2,548
E21C35/19Means for fixing picks or holdersE21CIn the scheme2,545
E21F16/00DrainageE21FIn the scheme2,527
E21C41/22Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for ores, e.g. mining placersE21CIn the scheme2,495
E21F1/003Ventilation of traffic tunnelsE21FIn the scheme2,456
F42D5/04Rendering explosive charges harmless, e.g. destroying ammunition; Rendering detonation of explosive charges harmlessF42DIn the scheme2,359
E21C25/10Rods; DrumsE21CIn the scheme2,357
E21F1/00Ventilation of mines or tunnels; Distribution of ventilating currentsE21FIn the scheme2,352
E21D21/0033Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts having a jacket or outer tubeE21D21/00In the scheme2,331
E21F1/08Ventilation arrangements in connection with air ducts, e.g. arrangements for mounting ventilatorsE21FIn the scheme2,329
E21C35/24Remote control specially adapted for machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineralE21CIn the scheme2,272
F42D1/043Connectors for detonating cords and ignition tubes, e.g. Nonel tubesF42DIn the scheme2,267
E21C31/02Driving means incorporated in machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam for cutting or breaking-down devicesE21CIn the scheme2,181
E21C27/02Machines which completely free the mineral from the seam solely by slittingE21CIn the scheme2,128
E21C35/197Means for fixing picks or holders using sleeves, rings or the like, as main fixing elementsE21CIn the scheme2,114
E21F13/06Transport of mined material at or adjacent to the working faceE21FIn the scheme1,976
E21C35/302Measuring, signaling or indicating specially adapted for machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineralE21CIn the scheme1,963
E21D20/021Grouting with inorganic components, e.g. cementE21D20/00In the scheme1,926
E21F17/16Modification of mine passages or chambers for storage purposes, especially for liquids or gasesE21FIn the scheme1,914
E21D20/025Grouting with organic components, e.g. resinE21D20/00In the scheme1,853
E21F1/04Air ductsE21FIn the scheme1,852
E21F3/00Cooling or drying of airE21FIn the scheme1,805
E21C35/1837Mining picks; Holders therefor with inserts or layers of wear-resisting material characterised by the shapeE21CIn the scheme1,804
E21C35/12Guiding the machine along a conveyor for the cut materialE21CIn the scheme1,732
E21F1/006Ventilation at the working face of galleries or tunnelsE21FIn the scheme1,692
E21C25/06Machines slitting solely by one or more cutting rods or cutting drums which rotate, move through the seam, and may or may not reciprocateE21CIn the scheme1,676
E21C47/00Machines for obtaining or the removal of materials in open-pit minesE21CIn the scheme1,659
E21F15/08Filling-up hydraulically or pneumaticallyE21FIn the scheme1,637
E21C35/22Equipment for preventing the formation of, or for removal of, dustE21CIn the scheme1,635
F42D5/00Safety arrangementsF42DIn the scheme1,634
E21F5/02Means or methods for preventing, binding, depositing, or removing dust; Preventing explosions or fires by wetting or sprayingE21FIn the scheme1,577
E21C35/282Autonomous machines; Autonomous operationsE21CIn the scheme1,553
E21C37/12Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by injecting into the borehole a liquid, either initially at high pressure or subsequently subjected to high pressure, e.g. by pulses, by explosive cartridges acting on the liquidE21CIn the scheme1,537
F42D1/18Plugs for boreholesF42DIn the scheme1,488
E21D21/006Anchoring-bolts made of cables or wiresE21D21/00In the scheme1,487
E21D23/26Hydraulic or pneumatic controlE21D23/00In the scheme1,485
E21F17/02Suspension devices for tubes or the like, e.g. for ventilating ductsE21FIn the scheme1,453
E21F13/02Transport of mined mineral in galleriesE21FIn the scheme1,433
E21D23/12Control, e.g. using remote controlE21D23/00In the scheme1,428
E21D20/026Cartridges; Grouting chargesE21D20/00In the scheme1,400
E21C41/26Methods of surface mining; Layouts thereforE21CIn the scheme1,398
E21F17/103Dams, e.g. for ventilationE21FIn the scheme1,397
E21D21/0053Anchoring-bolts in the form of lost drilling rodsE21D21/00In the scheme1,354
E21F15/06Filling-up mechanicallyE21FIn the scheme1,354
E21C27/34Machine propelled along the working face by cable or chainE21CIn the scheme1,351
E21C39/00Devices for testing in situ the hardness or other properties of minerals, e.g. for giving information as to the selection of suitable mining toolsE21CIn the scheme1,335
E21C29/22Propulsion of machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam by wheels, endless tracks or the likeE21CIn the scheme1,300
E21D1/06Sinking shafts mechanically, e.g. by loading shovels or loading buckets, scraping devices, conveying screws with shaft-boring cuttersE21D1/00In the scheme1,300
E21D21/004Bolts held in the borehole by friction all along their length, without additional fixing meansE21D21/00In the scheme1,278
E21F13/066Scraper chain conveyorsE21FIn the scheme1,269
E21F17/185Rock-pressure control devices with or without alarm devices; Alarm devices in case of roof subsidenceE21FIn the scheme1,252
E21C37/00Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loadingE21CIn the scheme1,235
E21C35/188Mining picks; Holders therefor characterised by adaptations to use an extraction toolE21CIn the scheme1,223
E21D21/0086Bearing platesE21D21/00In the scheme1,223
E21F17/06Distributing electric power; Cable networks; Conduits for cablesE21FIn the scheme1,221
E21C27/22Mineral freed by means not involving slitting by rotary drills with breaking-down means, e.g. wedge-shaped drills, i.e. the rotary axis of the tool carrier being substantially perpendicular to the working face, e.g. MARIETTA-typeE21CIn the scheme1,218
E21D21/0006Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by the bolt materialE21D21/00In the scheme1,211
E21D21/02Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection having means for indicating tensionE21D21/00In the scheme1,210
E21C35/187Mining picks; Holders therefor with arrangement of fluid-spraying nozzlesE21CIn the scheme1,202
E21C25/16Machines slitting solely by one or more rotating saws, cutting discs, or wheelsE21CIn the scheme1,199
E21C35/1831Fixing methods or devicesE21CIn the scheme1,194
F42D1/22Methods for holding or positioning for blasting cartridges or tamping cartridgesF42DIn the scheme1,170
E21D21/0046Anchoring-bolts for roof, floor in galleries or longwall working, or shaft-lining protection characterised by constructional features of the bolts formed by a plurality of elements arranged longitudinallyE21D21/00In the scheme1,162
E21F13/006Equipment transport systemsE21FIn the scheme1,149
E21D15/50Component parts or details of propsE21D15/00In the scheme1,140
E21F1/10Air doorsE21FIn the scheme1,136
E21D23/0409Aligning or guiding means for the supports or for the constitutive parts of the supportsE21D23/00In the scheme1,128
E21D23/06Special mine caps or special tops of pit-props for permitting step-by-step movementE21D23/00In the scheme1,106
E21C25/60Slitting by jets of water or other liquidE21CIn the scheme1,081
E21C29/02Propulsion of machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam by means on the machine exerting a thrust against fixed supportsE21CIn the scheme1,071
E21C35/04Safety devicesE21CIn the scheme1,068
E21C35/191Means for fixing picks or holders for fixing holdersE21CIn the scheme1,068
E21C35/23Distribution of spraying-fluids in rotating cutter-headsE21CIn the scheme1,047
E21D23/03Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor having protective means, e.g. shields, for preventing or impeding entry of loose material into the working space or supportE21D23/00In the scheme1,039
E21D23/0052Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor with advancing shifting devices connected therewithE21D23/00In the scheme1,033
E21C25/18Saws; Discs; WheelsE21CIn the scheme1,016
E21D15/512Arrangement of valvesE21D15/00In the scheme979
E21F13/04Transport of mined material in gravity inclines; in staple or inclined shaftsE21FIn the scheme969
E21D20/006Machines for drilling anchor holes and setting anchor bolts having magazines for storing and feeding anchoring-boltsE21D20/00In the scheme959
E21F15/04Stowing mats; Goaf wire netting; Partition wallsE21FIn the scheme948
E21C37/16Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by fire-setting or by similar methods based on a heat effectE21CIn the scheme936
E21D1/03Sinking shafts mechanically, e.g. by loading shovels or loading buckets, scraping devices, conveying screwsE21D1/00In the scheme931
E21C35/1835Chemical composition or specific materialE21CIn the scheme891
E21C35/06Equipment for positioning the whole machine in relation to its sub-structureE21CIn the scheme878
E21C41/00Methods of underground or surface mining; Layouts thereforE21CIn the scheme875
E21C37/14Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by making use of hydraulic or pneumatic pressure in a borehole by compressed air; by gas blast; by gasifying liquidsE21CIn the scheme867
E21D15/55Details of the ends of props of prop heads or feetE21D15/00In the scheme867
E21D21/0073Anchoring-bolts having an inflatable sleeve, e.g. hollow sleeve expanded by a fluidE21D21/00In the scheme839
E21D23/0004Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor along the working faceE21D23/00In the scheme814
E21C27/32Mineral freed by means not involving slitting by adjustable or non-adjustable planing means with or without loading arrangementsE21CIn the scheme810
E21F13/025Shuttle carsE21FIn the scheme808
E21C25/68Machines for making slits combined with equipment for removing, e.g. by loading, material won by other meansE21CIn the scheme803
F42D1/02Arranging blasting cartridges to form an assemblyF42DIn the scheme799
E21F13/08Shifting conveyors or other transport devices from one location at the working face to anotherE21FIn the scheme785
E21F15/02Supporting means, e.g. shuttering, for filling-up materialsE21FIn the scheme773
E21C35/223Equipment associated with mining machines for sucking dust-laden air from the cutting area, with or without cleaning of the airE21CIn the scheme753
E21C31/00Driving means incorporated in machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seamE21CIn the scheme751
E21D23/08Advancing mechanismsE21D23/00In the scheme742
E21C27/28Mineral freed by means not involving slitting by percussive drills with breaking-down means, e.g. wedge-shaped toolsE21CIn the scheme740
E21C31/08Driving means incorporated in machines for slitting or completely freeing the mineral from the seam for adjusting parts of the machinesE21CIn the scheme734
E21C41/24Methods of underground mining; Layouts therefor for oil-bearing depositsE21CIn the scheme718
E21C37/18Other methods or devices for dislodging with or without loading by electricityE21CIn the scheme714
E21F5/06Fluids used for sprayingE21FIn the scheme704
E21F13/086Armoured conveyors shifting devicesE21FIn the scheme699
E21D23/0034Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides therefor along the working face comprising a goaf shield articulated to a base memberE21D23/00In the scheme698
E21C35/193Means for fixing picks or holders using bolts as main fixing elementsE21CIn the scheme685
E21F17/12Dam doorsE21FIn the scheme682
F42D1/06Relative timing of multiple chargesF42DIn the scheme682
E21D23/00Mine roof supports for step- by- step movement, e.g. in combination with provisions for shifting of conveyors, mining machines, or guides thereforE21D23/00In the scheme670
E21C47/02Machines for obtaining or the removal of materials in open-pit mines for coal, brown coal, or the likeE21CIn the scheme662
E21F15/10Hydraulic or pneumatic filling-up machinesE21FIn the scheme662
Match: Direct
The capability is itself a technology or a kind of physical system, and the classification names it. E21F and the rock-bolt entries also serve tunnelling; ore concentration is placed under Processing & Refining. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

Other capabilities in Resource Infrastructure