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National Security

Operational Sustainment & War Reserves

The capacity to keep a force fighting: theatre logistics, maintenance and repair, medical support and the munitions and materiel depth to endure. One of the capabilities of Joint Command, Projection & Sustainment.

International families
4042015 to 2024
Leading country
United States1.3× the next
All families
3,731home filings included
Over five years
Falling2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

United States

Germany

France

United Kingdom

China

South Korea

Türkiye

Belgium

Sweden

Canada

88

67

32

24

23

20

14

13

12

12

2000 to 2025
1United States8821.8%1.0×
463
2Germany6716.6%1.0×
110
3France327.9%0.6×
44
4United Kingdom245.9%0.7×
39
5China235.7%1.1×
2,425
6South Korea205.0%0.5×
245
7Türkiye143.5%1.8×
42
8Belgium133.2%0.2×
13
9Sweden123.0%1.0×
12
10Canada123.0%1.0×
22
11Italy102.5%1.0×
17
12Israel102.5%0.7×
14
13Switzerland71.7%1.3×
8
14Finland61.5%0.5×
6
15Australia41.0%0.3×
5
16Spain41.0%1.0×
4
17Singapore41.0%0.0×
4
18Czechia41.0%0.3×
4
19Taiwan30.7%2.0×
10
20Netherlands30.7%0.5×
4
21Austria30.7%2.0×
7
22Denmark30.7%0.5×
3
23Russia30.7%0.5×
146
24Ireland30.7%0.5×
4
25Brazil30.7%0.5×
8
26Poland30.7%0.5×
19
27Liechtenstein30.7%0.0×
3
28Mexico30.7%0.5×
4
29Japan10.2%–
9
30India10.2%–
1
31Norway10.2%0.0×
1
32Hong Kong10.2%–
1
33Malaysia10.2%–
1
34Portugal10.2%–
1

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Operational Sustainment & War Reserves. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

404 international families

RHEINMETALL WAFFE MUNITION GMBH · Germany

RAYTHEON CO · United States

THYSSENKRUPP AG · Germany

THYSSENKRUPP MARINE SYS GMBH · Germany

BAE SYSTEMS PLC · United Kingdom

FN HERSTAL SA · Belgium

15

14

13

11

9

9

United States

88 international families

RAYTHEON CO

BAE SYS INF & ELECT SYS INTEG

BOEING CO

HALLIBURTON ENERGY SERVICES INC

ENSIGN BICKFORD AEROSPACE & DEFENSE CO

ENSIGN BICKFORD AEROSPACE & DEFENSE COMPANY

14

3

3

3

2

2

Germany

67 international families

RHEINMETALL WAFFE MUNITION GMBH

THYSSENKRUPP AG

THYSSENKRUPP MARINE SYS GMBH

KRAUSS MAFFEI WEGMANN GMBH & CO KG

HIRDES GMBH HEINRICH

MBDA DEUTSCHLAND GMBH

15

13

11

8

4

4

France

32 international families

NEXTER SYSTEMS

MBDA FRANCE

ARIANEGROUP SAS

KNDS FRANCE

NAVAL GROUP

ARESIA VALENTON

6

5

4

3

2

1

United Kingdom

24 international families

BAE SYSTEMS PLC

SECR DEFENCE

MBDA UK LTD

ACCLES & SHELVOKE LTD

ALFORD IP LTD

BARTLETT MICHAEL

9

6

2

1

1

1

China

23 international families

BEIJING INSTITUTE TECH

CYTAC TECH LIMITED

SHENZHEN CYTAC IND CO LTD

SZ DJI TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

UNIV HUIZHOU

BEIJING SINOBANG DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

4

2

2

2

2

1

Similar capabilities

The nine capabilities that share the most international patent families with Operational Sustainment & War Reserves, 2015 to 2024: the families counted in both as a share of those counted in either. Each card shows its five largest countries.

Strategic Infrastructure

Military Bases & Installations

15.1% shared · 255 families in both

United States

Germany

South Korea

United Kingdom

Japan

353

218

111

100

84

National Security

Land Fires

4.0% shared · 70 families in both

United States

Germany

France

United Kingdom

South Korea

357

232

127

113

93

Strategic Infrastructure

R&D & Testing Facilities

3.5% shared · 114 families in both

United States

France

China

United Kingdom

Germany

1,103

402

262

254

246

National Security

Defence Industrial Mobilisation

3.1% shared · 23 families in both

United States

Germany

France

China

United Kingdom

96

38

34

29

27

Strategic Infrastructure

Manufacturing Facilities

3.0% shared · 75 families in both

United States

France

Germany

United Kingdom

Japan

892

274

266

193

97

National Security

Combined Arms Manoeuvre

2.6% shared · 118 families in both

United States

Germany

France

Türkiye

United Kingdom

1,319

502

222

212

211

National Security

Long-Range Strike

2.0% shared · 24 families in both

United States

Germany

United Kingdom

France

Israel

278

159

88

77

44

National Security

Air Strike & Interdiction

1.9% shared · 12 families in both

United States

United Kingdom

Türkiye

Germany

South Korea

45

40

29

23

15

National Security

Standing Force Generation & Training

1.6% shared · 17 families in both

United States

Germany

South Korea

United Kingdom

Canada

217

90

58

38

30

Crosswalk

How Operational Sustainment & War Reserves is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 27 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

EntryTitle in the schemeWhy it is chosenCPC codesIPC codesDocuments
F42B39/00Packaging or storage of ammunition or explosive charges; Safety features thereof; Cartridge belts or bagsPackaging, storage and transport safety of ammunition181311,953
F42B35/00Testing or checking of ammunitionTesting and checking of ammunition225,049
F42C21/00Checking fuzes; Testing fuzesChecking and testing of fuzes112,136
F41A31/00Testing arrangementsTesting arrangements for guns222,549
F42B33/06Dismantling fuzes, cartridges, projectiles, missiles, rockets or bombsDismantling and disposal of ammunition413,030
F42B39/007Packaging or storage of arrows or dartsLeft out

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Operational Sustainment & War Reserves: 27 codes on 21,802 documents. The full crosswalk is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

CodeTitleUnder entryHow placedDocuments
F42B35/00Testing or checking of ammunitionF42B35/00In the scheme3,103
F42B39/00Packaging or storage of ammunition or explosive charges; Safety features thereof; Cartridge belts or bagsF42B39/00In the scheme1,933
F42B33/06Dismantling fuzes, cartridges, projectiles, missiles, rockets or bombsF42B33/06In the scheme1,894
F42B39/14Explosion or fire protection arrangements on packages or ammunitionF42B39/00In the scheme1,396
F42B39/20Packages or ammunition having valves for pressure-equalising; Packages or ammunition having plugs for pressure release, e.g. meltable ; Blow-out panels; Venting arrangementsF42B39/00In the scheme1,380
F42C21/00Checking fuzes; Testing fuzesF42C21/00In the scheme1,346
F42B39/26Packages or containers for a plurality of ammunition, e.g. cartridgesF42B39/00In the scheme1,319
F41A31/00Testing arrangementsF41A31/00In the scheme1,305
F42B39/02Cartridge bags; BandoleersF42B39/00In the scheme1,289
F42B39/08Cartridge beltsF42B39/00In the scheme924
F42B35/02Gauging, sorting, trimming or shortening cartridges or missilesF42B35/00In the scheme784
F42B39/22Locking of ammunition in transport containersF42B39/00In the scheme737
F42B33/067Dismantling fuzes, cartridges, projectiles, missiles, rockets or bombs by combustionF42B33/06In the scheme616
F42B39/30Containers for detonators or fuzesF42B39/00In the scheme526
F42B33/062Dismantling fuzes, cartridges, projectiles, missiles, rockets or bombs by high-pressure water jet meansF42B33/06In the scheme454
F42B39/24Shock-absorbing arrangements in packages, e.g. for shock wavesF42B39/00In the scheme427
F41A31/02Testing arrangements for checking gun barrelsF41A31/00In the scheme394
F42B39/085Cartridge belts for blank cartridgesF42B39/00In the scheme386
F42B39/28Ammunition racks, e.g. in vehiclesF42B39/00In the scheme336
F42B39/002Cartridge containers provided with cartridge-dispensing meansF42B39/00In the scheme301
F42B39/10Machines for charging or for extracting cartridges from feed beltsF42B39/00In the scheme298
F42B39/087Feed belts manufactured from fabric or plastics materialF42B39/00In the scheme196
F42B39/18Heat shields; Thermal insulationF42B39/00In the scheme193
F42B39/16Fire-extinguishingF42B39/00In the scheme98
F42B33/065Dismantling fuzes, cartridges, projectiles, missiles, rockets or bombs by laser meansF42B33/06In the scheme66
F42B39/082Cartridge belts for caseless ammunitionF42B39/00In the scheme61
F42B39/005Protection for driving bandsF42B39/00In the scheme40
Match: Through its tools
The classification names the equipment or technology the capability draws on, not the capability. The count says how much is being invented for it, not how well it is done. Covers munitions storage, surveillance and disposal only; theatre logistics, repair, fuel and medical support are indistinguishable from civilian equivalents, and ammunition pouches and belts here also serve hunters. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

Other capabilities in Joint Command, Projection & Sustainment