Critical Technology

Structural & Composite Materials

The capacity to design, produce and qualify structural materials, advanced composites, alloys and protective armour systems, that carry load, save weight and withstand extremes across aerospace, defence and industry. One of the capabilities of Advanced Materials & Manufacturing.

International families: 24k2015 to 2024
Leading country: Japan1.5× the next
All families: 109khome filings included
Over five years: Falling2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

Japan

United States

Germany

China

France

South Korea

United Kingdom

Taiwan

Switzerland

Denmark

7,278

5,012

2,345

2,154

1,734

1,232

632

445

334

333


1	Japan	7,278	30.1%	0.8×	13,410
2	United States	5,012	20.7%	0.7×	7,255
3	Germany	2,345	9.7%	0.5×	3,583
4	China	2,154	8.9%	1.7×	69,075
5	France	1,734	7.2%	0.9×	2,313
6	South Korea	1,232	5.1%	0.8×	5,841
7	United Kingdom	632	2.6%	0.6×	766
8	Taiwan	445	1.8%	1.2×	916
9	Switzerland	334	1.4%	0.8×	395
10	Denmark	333	1.4%	1.9×	350
11	Netherlands	314	1.3%	0.5×	331
12	Italy	301	1.2%	1.2×	391
13	Canada	245	1.0%	0.6×	305
14	Austria	190	0.8%	0.6×	208
15	Spain	177	0.7%	0.9×	200
16	Sweden	134	0.6%	1.0×	151
17	Türkiye	122	0.5%	1.5×	224
18	Australia	116	0.5%	1.2×	141
19	Belgium	111	0.5%	0.5×	118
20	Luxembourg	99	0.4%	0.6×	105
21	Russia	97	0.4%	0.6×	880
22	Finland	92	0.4%	0.8×	99
23	India	72	0.3%	1.6×	95
24	Israel	70	0.3%	0.8×	93
25	Brazil	60	0.2%	0.9×	205
26	Norway	54	0.2%	1.1×	59
27	Singapore	53	0.2%	0.7×	57
28	Poland	48	0.2%	1.1×	327
29	Ireland	34	0.1%	0.9×	35
30	Saudi Arabia	23	0.1%	1.3×	48
31	Czechia	20	0.1%	1.2×	38
32	Mexico	19	0.1%	0.7×	61
33	Hong Kong	17	0.1%	1.4×	36
34	New Zealand	15	0.1%	2.0×	15
35	South Africa	15	0.1%	1.5×	16
36	Portugal	10	0.0%	2.3×	19
37	Malaysia	8	0.0%	0.1×	21
38	Hungary	4	0.0%	3.0×	15
39	Cayman Islands	3	0.0%	–	4
40	Liechtenstein	3	0.0%	0.5×	4

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Structural & Composite Materials. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

24,159 international families

BOEING CO · United States

TORAY INDUSTRIES · Japan

NIPPON STEEL CORP · Japan

GEN ELECTRIC · United States

RTX CORP · United States

TOYOTA MOTOR CO LTD · Japan

734

473

344

316

248

247

Japan

7,278 international families

TORAY INDUSTRIES

NIPPON STEEL CORP

TOYOTA MOTOR CO LTD

TOYOTA MOTOR CORP

PANASONIC IP MAN CO LTD

NIPPON STEEL & SUMITOMO METAL CORP

472

344

246

243

234

229

United States

5,012 international families

BOEING CO

GEN ELECTRIC

RTX CORP

RAYTHEON TECH CORP

GM GLOBAL TECH OPERATIONS LLC

GENERAL ELECTRIC CO GE

731

310

248

218

151

132

Germany

2,345 international families

AIRBUS OPERATIONS GMBH

BASF SE

COVESTRO DEUTSCHLAND AG

SIEMENS AG

DEUTSCH ZENTR LUFT & RAUMFAHRT

BAYERISCHE MOTOREN WERKE AG

123

109

China

2,154 international families

SHENGYI TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

BAOSHAN IRON & STEEL

UNIV CENTRAL SOUTH

ELITE ELECTRONIC MAT KUNSHAN CO LTD

KINGFA SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY CO

BYD CO LTD

122

France

1,734 international families

SAFRAN AIRCRAFT ENGINES

SAFRAN

SAFRAN CERAM

1.5% shared · 388 families in both

United States

France

Germany

United Kingdom

Japan

892

274

266

193

Critical Technology

Nanomaterials & Metamaterials

1.3% shared · 631 families in both

United States

South Korea

China

Japan

Taiwan

6,721

3,882

3,587

3,507

2,242

Crosswalk

How Structural & Composite Materials is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 242 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

Entry	Title in the scheme	Why it is chosen	CPC codes	IPC codes	Documents
C08J5/04	Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material	Polymers reinforced with fibres	12	4	92,036
C08J5/24	Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs	Prepregs: fibre materials impregnated with curable resin	10	1	72,281
B29C70/04	Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics	Shaping fibre-reinforced plastic composites	78	27	337,080
C04B35/71	Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents	Ceramic-matrix composites with reinforcing fibres or whiskers	7	7	44,152
D01F9/12	Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof	Carbon fibre and its manufacture	32	18	49,437
C22C14/00	Alloys based on titanium	Titanium alloys	1	1	28,276
C22C19/00	Alloys based on nickel or cobalt	Nickel and cobalt alloys, including superalloys	14	6	82,789
C22C21/00	Alloys based on aluminium	Aluminium alloys	12	10	141,793
C22C23/00	Alloys based on magnesium	Magnesium alloys	4	4	26,405
C22C27/00	Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00	Refractory-metal alloys such as tungsten, molybdenum, niobium	5	4	25,551
C22C30/00	Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent	Multi-principal-element alloys, including high-entropy alloys	4	4	37,256
C22C47/00	Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments	Making fibre-reinforced metal-matrix composites	18	11	25,023
C22C49/00	Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments	Fibre-reinforced metal-matrix composites	9	9	16,286
F41H5/00	Armour; Armour plates	Armour and armour plate	35	17	54,559
F41H1/02	Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics	Body armour and composite ballistic fabrics	1	1	9,898

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Structural & Composite Materials: 242 codes on 990,160 documents. The 150 most used are listed; the full list is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

Code	Title	Under entry	How placed	Documents
C22C21/00	Alloys based on aluminium	C22C21/00	In the scheme	36,625
C22C21/02	Alloys based on aluminium with silicon as the next major constituent	C22C21/00	In the scheme	24,666
C04B35/80	Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like	C04B35/71	In the scheme	23,060
C22C14/00	Alloys based on titanium	C22C14/00	In the scheme	22,186
C22C30/00	Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent	C22C30/00	In the scheme	21,680
B29C70/54	Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations, e.g. feeding or storage of prepregs or SMC after impregnation or during ageing	B29C70/04	In the scheme	20,986
C08J5/24	Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs	C08J5/24	In the scheme	18,777
C08J5/04	Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material	C08J5/04	In the scheme	17,831
C08J5/249	Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs characterised by the additives used in the prepolymer mixture	C08J5/24	In the scheme	15,965
C08J5/244	Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using glass fibres	C08J5/24	In the scheme	15,877
C22C21/08	Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent with silicon	C22C21/00	In the scheme	15,147
B29C70/48	Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements in the closed mould, e.g. resin transfer moulding [RTM], e.g. by vacuum	B29C70/04	In the scheme	15,065
C22C19/03	Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel	C22C19/00	In the scheme	14,807
C08J5/043	Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with glass fibres	C08J5/04	In the scheme	14,776
C08J5/042	Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres with carbon fibres	C08J5/04	In the scheme	14,222
C22C21/10	Alloys based on aluminium with zinc as the next major constituent	C22C21/00	In the scheme	13,949
C08J5/06	Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials	C08J5/04	In the scheme	13,933
B29C70/30	Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core	B29C70/04	In the scheme	13,676
C22C19/07	Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on cobalt	C22C19/00	In the scheme	12,350
B29C70/44	Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding	B29C70/04	In the scheme	11,891
C08J5/243	Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using inorganic fibres using carbon fibres	C08J5/24	In the scheme	11,878
B29C70/46	Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs	B29C70/04	In the scheme	11,653
B29C70/545	Perforating, cutting or machining during or after moulding	B29C70/04	In the scheme	11,487
C04B35/83	Carbon fibres in a carbon matrix	C04B35/71	In the scheme	11,349
C22C21/06	Alloys based on aluminium with magnesium as the next major constituent	C22C21/00	In the scheme	11,181
C22C19/056	Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 10% but less than 20%	C22C19/00	In the scheme	10,279
B29C70/32	Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core on a rotating mould, former or core	B29C70/04	In the scheme	9,927
B29C70/443	Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using isostatic pressure, e.g. pressure difference-moulding, vacuum bag-moulding, autoclave-moulding or expanding rubber-moulding and impregnating by vacuum or injection	B29C70/04	In the scheme	9,793
C22C19/055	Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%	C22C19/00	In the scheme	9,667
B29C70/34	Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation	B29C70/04	In the scheme	9,028
C22C19/05	Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium	C22C19/00	In the scheme	8,987
B29C70/342	Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using isostatic pressure	B29C70/04	In the scheme	8,911
C22C27/04	Alloys based on tungsten or molybdenum	C22C27/00	In the scheme	8,797
B29C70/24	Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least three directions forming a three-dimensional [3D] structure	B29C70/04	In the scheme	8,488
C22C23/00	Alloys based on magnesium	C22C23/00	In the scheme	8,384
C22C30/02	Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper	C22C30/00	In the scheme	8,350
B29C70/086	Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers and with one or more layers of pure plastics material, e.g. foam layers	B29C70/04	In the scheme	8,249
F41H1/02	Armoured or projectile- or missile-resistant garments; Composite protection fabrics	F41H1/02	In the scheme	7,961
C08J5/10	Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material characterised by the additives used in the polymer mixture	C08J5/04	In the scheme	7,910
C22C19/058	Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium without Mo and W	C22C19/00	In the scheme	7,627
C08J5/08	Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials glass fibres	C08J5/04	In the scheme	7,502
B29C70/06	Fibrous reinforcements only	B29C70/04	In the scheme	7,372
B29C70/50	Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]	B29C70/04	In the scheme	7,007
B29C70/38	Automated lay-up, e.g. using robots, laying filaments according to predetermined patterns	B29C70/04	In the scheme	6,992
B29C70/345	Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation using matched moulds	B29C70/04	In the scheme	6,816
D01F9/22	Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyacrylonitriles	D01F9/12	In the scheme	6,799
C22C21/16	Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with magnesium	C22C21/00	In the scheme	6,698
B29C70/12	Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat	B29C70/04	In the scheme	6,450
D01F9/12	Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof	D01F9/12	In the scheme	6,376
B29C70/16	Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length	B29C70/04	In the scheme	6,232
B29C70/08	Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers	B29C70/04	In the scheme	6,148
B29C70/52	Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die	B29C70/04	In the scheme	6,034
B29C70/543	Fixing the position or configuration of fibrous reinforcements before or during moulding	B29C70/04	In the scheme	5,950
C22C23/02	Alloys based on magnesium with aluminium as the next major constituent	C22C23/00	In the scheme	5,910
B29C70/20	Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres	B29C70/04	In the scheme	5,811
C08J5/045	Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with vegetable or animal fibrous material	C08J5/04	In the scheme	5,809
B29C70/446	Moulding structures having an axis of symmetry or at least one channel, e.g. tubular structures, frames	B29C70/04	In the scheme	5,702
B29C70/541	Positioning reinforcements in a mould, e.g. using clamping means for the reinforcement	B29C70/04	In the scheme	5,689
F41H5/0485	Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers all the layers being only fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers	F41H5/00	In the scheme	5,441
C22C21/14	Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with silicon	C22C21/00	In the scheme	5,422
C22C49/14	Alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments characterised by the fibres or filaments	C22C49/00	In the scheme	5,299
C22C21/04	Modified aluminium-silicon alloys	C22C21/00	In the scheme	5,269
B29C70/504	Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC] using rollers or pressure bands	B29C70/04	In the scheme	5,229
C22C19/057	Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being less 10%	C22C19/00	In the scheme	5,172
C22C27/02	Alloys based on vanadium, niobium, or tantalum	C22C27/00	In the scheme	5,076
C22C21/12	Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent	C22C21/00	In the scheme	4,951
B29C70/42	Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles	B29C70/04	In the scheme	4,928
B29C70/222	Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two-dimensional [2D] structure the structure being shaped to form a three dimensional configuration	B29C70/04	In the scheme	4,798
C08J5/046	Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with synthetic macromolecular fibrous material	C08J5/04	In the scheme	4,775
B29C70/22	Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in at least two directions forming a two-dimensional [2D] structure	B29C70/04	In the scheme	4,591
C22C19/00	Alloys based on nickel or cobalt	C22C19/00	In the scheme	4,564
D01F9/127	Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by thermal decomposition of hydrocarbon gases or vapours or other carbon-containing compounds in the form of gas or vapour, e.g. carbon monoxide, alcohols	D01F9/12	In the scheme	4,243
B29C70/386	Automated tape laying [ATL]	B29C70/04	In the scheme	4,225
B29C70/382	Automated fiber placement [AFP]	B29C70/04	In the scheme	4,094
F41H5/04	Plate construction composed of more than one layer	F41H5/00	In the scheme	4,058
C22C23/04	Alloys based on magnesium with zinc or cadmium as the next major constituent	C22C23/00	In the scheme	4,052
C22C27/06	Alloys based on chromium	C22C27/00	In the scheme	3,989
B29C70/202	Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres arranged in parallel planes or structures of fibres crossing at substantial angles, e.g. cross-moulding compound [XMC]	B29C70/04	In the scheme	3,766
C22C23/06	Alloys based on magnesium with a rare earth metal as the next major constituent	C22C23/00	In the scheme	3,743
B29C70/56	Tensioning reinforcements before or during shaping	B29C70/04	In the scheme	3,686
B29C70/521	Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die and impregnating the reinforcement before the die	B29C70/04	In the scheme	3,682
C22C19/007	Alloys based on nickel or cobalt with a light metal (alkali metal Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs; earth alkali metal Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Al Ga, Ge, Ti) or B, Si, Zr, Hf, Sc, Y, lanthanides, actinides, as the next major constituent	C22C19/00	In the scheme	3,530
F41H5/013	Mounting or securing armour plates	F41H5/00	In the scheme	3,328
B29C70/465	Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating by melting a solid material, e.g. sheets, powders of fibres	B29C70/04	In the scheme	3,309
F41H5/0478	Fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers in combination with plastics layers	F41H5/00	In the scheme	3,266
C22C21/003	Alloys based on aluminium containing at least 2.6% of one or more of the elements: tin, lead, antimony, bismuth, cadmium, and titanium	C22C21/00	In the scheme	3,246
B29C70/081	Combinations of fibres of continuous or substantial length and short fibres	B29C70/04	In the scheme	3,193
C22C30/06	Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing zinc	C22C30/00	In the scheme	3,184
B29C70/525	Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations	B29C70/04	In the scheme	3,176
C22C21/18	Alloys based on aluminium with copper as the next major constituent with zinc	C22C21/00	In the scheme	3,146
C08J5/248	Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using pre-treated fibres	C08J5/24	In the scheme	3,095
B29C70/10	Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres	B29C70/04	In the scheme	3,030
B29C70/088	Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers and with one or more layers of non-plastics material or non-specified material, e.g. supports	B29C70/04	In the scheme	3,026
C22C30/04	Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing tin or lead	C22C30/00	In the scheme	3,000
B29C70/384	Fiber placement heads, e.g. component parts, details or accessories	B29C70/04	In the scheme	2,974
F41H5/0492	Layered armour containing hard elements, e.g. plates, spheres, rods, separated from each other, the elements being connected to a further flexible layer or being embedded in a plastics or an elastomer matrix	F41H5/00	In the scheme	2,972
C22C47/14	Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by powder metallurgy, i.e. by processing mixtures of metal powder and fibres or filaments	C22C47/00	In the scheme	2,967
D01F9/145	Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from pitch or distillation residues	D01F9/12	In the scheme	2,853
B29C70/36	Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and impregnating by casting, e.g. vacuum casting	B29C70/04	In the scheme	2,804
C08J5/246	Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using polymer based synthetic fibres	C08J5/24	In the scheme	2,772
B29C70/462	Moulding structures having an axis of symmetry or at least one channel, e.g. tubular structures, frames	B29C70/04	In the scheme	2,755
B29C70/14	Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of short length, e.g. in the form of a mat oriented	B29C70/04	In the scheme	2,754
B29C70/388	Tape placement heads, e.g. component parts, details or accessories	B29C70/04	In the scheme	2,750
B29C70/28	Shaping operations therefor	B29C70/04	In the scheme	2,719
C22C47/08	Making alloys containing metallic or non-metallic fibres or filaments by contacting the fibres or filaments with molten metal, e.g. by infiltrating the fibres or filaments placed in a mould	C22C47/00	In the scheme	2,703
B29C70/546	Measures for feeding or distributing the matrix material in the reinforcing structure	B29C70/04	In the scheme	2,585
C22C19/053	Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 30% but less than 40%	C22C19/00	In the scheme	2,539
C04B35/82	Asbestos; Glass; Fused silica	C04B35/71	In the scheme	2,523
F41H5/0471	Layered armour containing fibre- or fabric-reinforced layers	F41H5/00	In the scheme	2,497
B29C70/302	Details of the edges of fibre composites, e.g. edge finishing or means to avoid delamination	B29C70/04	In the scheme	2,485
F41H5/0407	Transparent bullet-proof laminatesinformative reference: layered products essentially comprising glass in general B32B17/06, e.g. B32B17/10009; manufacture or composition of glass, e.g. joining glass to glass C03; permanent multiple-glazing windows, e.g. with spacing therebetween, E06B3/66	F41H5/00	In the scheme	2,416
F41H5/08	Shields for personal use, i.e. hand held shields	F41H5/00	In the scheme	2,326
F41H5/0428	Ceramic layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics	F41H5/00	In the scheme	2,318
B29C70/04	Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics	B29C70/04	In the scheme	2,310
B29C70/506	Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC] using rollers or pressure bands and impregnating by melting a solid material, e.g. sheet, powder, fibres	B29C70/04	In the scheme	2,279
F41H5/0457	Metal layers in combination with additional layers made of fibres, fabrics or plastics	F41H5/00	In the scheme	2,255
F41H5/007	Reactive armour; Dynamic armour	F41H5/00	In the scheme	2,220
C22C49/06	Aluminium	C22C49/00	In the scheme	2,175
B29C70/40	Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied	B29C70/04	In the scheme	2,157
D01F9/225	Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from polyaddition, polycondensation or polymerisation products from macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds from polyacrylonitriles from stabilised polyacrylonitriles	D01F9/12	In the scheme	2,110
B29C70/083	Combinations of continuous fibres or fibrous profiled structures oriented in one direction and reinforcements forming a two dimensional structure, e.g. mats	B29C70/04	In the scheme	2,106
B29C70/205	Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration	B29C70/04	In the scheme	2,084
C08J5/047	Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with mixed fibrous material	C08J5/04	In the scheme	2,037
B29C70/547	Measures for feeding or distributing the matrix material in the reinforcing structure using channels or porous distribution layers incorporated in or associated with the product	B29C70/04	In the scheme	2,007
B29C70/542	Placing or positioning the reinforcement in a covering or packaging element before or during moulding, e.g. drawing in a sleeve	B29C70/04	In the scheme	2,003
D01F9/32	Apparatus therefor	D01F9/12	In the scheme	1,988
F41H5/0414	Layered armour containing ceramic material	F41H5/00	In the scheme	1,971
C04B35/76	Fibres, filaments, whiskers, platelets, or the like	C04B35/71	In the scheme	1,966
D01F9/14	Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments	D01F9/12	In the scheme	1,928
D01F9/16	Carbon filaments; Apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture thereof by decomposition of organic filaments from products of vegetable origin or derivatives thereof, e.g. from cellulose acetate	D01F9/12	In the scheme	1,914
B29C70/523	Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die and impregnating the reinforcement in the die	B29C70/04	In the scheme	1,911
B29C70/18	Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length in the form of a mat, e.g. sheet moulding compound [SMC]	B29C70/04	In the scheme	1,902
B29C70/528	Heating or cooling	B29C70/04	In the scheme	1,837
C22C47/04	Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by coating, e.g. with a protective or activated covering	C22C47/00	In the scheme	1,831
F41H5/02	Plate construction	F41H5/00	In the scheme	1,817
F41H5/24	Armour; Armour plates for stationary use, e.g. fortifications ; Shelters; Guard Booths	F41H5/00	In the scheme	1,808
B29C70/548	Measures for feeding or distributing the matrix material in the reinforcing structure using distribution constructions, e.g. channels incorporated in or associated with the mould	B29C70/04	In the scheme	1,774
C22C27/00	Alloys based on rhenium or a refractory metal not mentioned in groups C22C14/00 or C22C16/00	C22C27/00	In the scheme	1,759
C08J5/0405	Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with inorganic fibres	C08J5/04	In the scheme	1,717
F41H5/023	Armour plate, or auxiliary armour plate mounted at a distance of the main armour plate, having cavities at its outer impact surface, or holes, for deflecting the projectile	F41H5/00	In the scheme	1,631
B29C70/207	Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres the structure being shaped to form a three-dimensional configuration arranged in parallel planes of fibres crossing at substantial angles	B29C70/04	In the scheme	1,625
B29C70/347	Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core and shaping or impregnating by compression, i.e. combined with compressing after the lay-up operation combined with compressing after the winding of lay-ups having a non-circular cross-section, e.g. flat spiral windings	B29C70/04	In the scheme	1,615
B29C70/467	Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles using matched moulds, e.g. for deforming sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or prepregs and impregnating the reinforcements during mould closing	B29C70/04	In the scheme	1,599
B29C70/544	Details of vacuum bags, e.g. materials or shape	B29C70/04	In the scheme	1,598
B29C70/526	Pultrusion dies, e.g. dies with moving or rotating parts	B29C70/04	In the scheme	1,593
C08J5/247	Impregnating materials with prepolymers which can be polymerised in situ, e.g. manufacture of prepregs using fibres of at least two types	C08J5/24	In the scheme	1,554
B29C70/305	Spray-up of reinforcing fibres with or without matrix to form a non-coherent mat in or on a mould	B29C70/04	In the scheme	1,539
C22C47/06	Pretreatment of the fibres or filaments by forming the fibres or filaments into a preformed structure, e.g. using a temporary binder to form a mat-like element	C22C47/00	In the scheme	1,538
C04B35/71	Ceramic products containing macroscopic reinforcing agents	C04B35/71	In the scheme	1,474
B29C70/549	Details of caul plates, e.g. materials or shape	B29C70/04	In the scheme	1,462

Match: Direct

The capability is itself a technology or a kind of physical system, and the classification names it. Steel (C22C38) is left out because its volume would swamp the composites and light alloys. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

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