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Human Capital

Occupational Skills & Certification

The capacity to form occupational skills through institution-based provision and certify them in credentials employers trust. One of the capabilities of Technical & Vocational Skills.

International families
3,0232015 to 2024
Leading country
United States1.3× the next
All families
24khome filings included
Over five years
Falling2020 to 2024 against the five before

Year by year

Patent families by country of origin and the year of the earliest filing, 2000 to 2025; 2025 is a part year, still filling in. International families are those for which protection was sought beyond one country.

Volume

International patent families in the capability, by the year of the earliest filing.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Share by country

Each country's share of the year's international families, in per cent: the capability's five largest countries of origin, 2015 to 2024, and the rest of the world.

Source: Global Institute for National Capability (GINC), 2026. Underlying patents from 107 patent offices, IFI CLAIMS and Google

Country leaderboard

International patent families, 2015 to 2024, by country of origin. Growth compares the latest five full years with the five before.

Ten largest

United States

Japan

China

South Korea

Germany

Canada

France

United Kingdom

Taiwan

Italy

747

563

319

294

184

159

101

81

66

53

2000 to 2025
1United States74724.7%0.7×
1,479
2Japan56318.6%1.0×
1,648
3China31910.6%1.6×
15,932
4South Korea2949.7%1.2×
2,497
5Germany1846.1%0.9×
311
6Canada1595.3%0.4×
225
7France1013.3%0.8×
162
8United Kingdom812.7%0.8×
105
9Taiwan662.2%1.2×
229
10Italy531.8%1.8×
70
11Australia431.4%1.1×
56
12Austria391.3%0.8×
44
13Netherlands361.2%0.6×
41
14Israel361.2%1.0×
47
15Switzerland311.0%0.8×
42
16Sweden311.0%0.8×
35
17Türkiye280.9%1.3×
72
18Spain260.9%0.9×
39
19India260.9%1.0×
32
20Russia230.8%0.8×
244
21Poland110.4%0.8×
49
22Belgium100.3%0.0×
13
23Singapore100.3%1.5×
10
24Brazil100.3%0.7×
45
25Finland90.3%0.5×
9
26Ireland60.2%1.0×
9
27Denmark50.2%4.0×
8
28Norway50.2%1.5×
6
29South Africa50.2%4.0×
5
30Hong Kong40.1%0.3×
7
31New Zealand30.1%2.0×
4
32Mexico30.1%0.5×
14
33Portugal30.1%2.0×
3
34Hungary30.1%0.5×
5
35Saudi Arabia10.0%0.0×
4
36Czechia10.0%–
6
37Liechtenstein10.0%–
1
38Malaysia10.0%–
6
39Luxembourg00.0%–
1
40Cayman Islands00.0%–
1

Applicants

The largest applicants by international patent families, 2015 to 2024: across the world, then within each of the five countries with the most families in Occupational Skills & Certification. Names are as held in the source and are not consolidated across subsidiaries.

Global

3,023 international families

CAE INC · Canada

TOYOTA MOTOR CORP · Japan

TOYOTA MOTOR CO LTD · Japan

ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS · United States

BOEING CO · United States

FORD GLOBAL TECH LLC · United States

72

53

52

43

41

33

United States

747 international families

ILLINOIS TOOL WORKS

BOEING CO

FORD GLOBAL TECH LLC

HONEYWELL INT INC

GM GLOBAL TECH OPERATIONS LLC

APPLIED MED RESOURCES

43

41

33

18

15

14

Japan

563 international families

TOYOTA MOTOR CORP

TOYOTA MOTOR CO LTD

SUBARU CORP

SONY GROUP CORP

HITACHI LTD

HONDA MOTOR CO LTD

53

51

18

17

15

15

China

319 international families

SZ DJI TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

TANGSHAN DIMENSION TECH CO LTD

TANGSHAN WEISHU TECH CO LTD

HUAWEI TECH CO LTD

BOE TECHNOLOGY GROUP CO LTD

BEIJING BOYI AGE MEDICAL TREAT TECHNOLOGY CO LTD

13

9

7

6

5

4

South Korea

294 international families

LG ENERGY SOLUTION LTD

ELECTRONICS & TELECOMMUNICATIONS RES INST

HYUNDAI MOTOR CO LTD

KOREA ELECTRONICS TECHNOLOGY

MOTION DEVICE INC

P&I COMPANY

23

9

8

7

7

7

Germany

184 international families

SIEMENS AG

BOSCH GMBH ROBERT

KRAUSS MAFFEI WEGMANN GMBH & CO KG

DSPACE GMBH

AUDI AG

THYSSENKRUPP AG

22

15

8

7

5

5

Similar capabilities

The nine capabilities that share the most international patent families with Occupational Skills & Certification, 2015 to 2024: the families counted in both as a share of those counted in either. Each card shows its five largest countries.

Strategic Infrastructure

Education & Skills Infrastructure

23.1% shared · 3,023 families in both

United States

Japan

China

South Korea

Germany

3,247

2,198

1,763

1,499

503

Human Capital

Health & Care Workforce

10.8% shared · 497 families in both

United States

Japan

China

South Korea

Germany

634

286

147

125

119

Human Capital

Foundational Learning

8.2% shared · 704 families in both

United States

China

Japan

South Korea

Taiwan

1,468

1,054

1,039

901

207

National Security

Standing Force Generation & Training

6.4% shared · 224 families in both

United States

Germany

South Korea

United Kingdom

Canada

217

90

58

38

30

Critical Technology

Human-Machine Interfaces

1.0% shared · 547 families in both

United States

Japan

China

South Korea

Germany

14,516

9,319

7,249

6,474

2,639

Information & Influence

Creative Industries & Cultural Export Reach

1.0% shared · 345 families in both

Japan

United States

China

South Korea

Taiwan

9,492

7,019

6,834

3,079

1,031

Human Capital

Foundational Digital Skills

0.7% shared · 23 families in both

South Korea

United States

Japan

China

India

64

45

18

13

5

Strategic Infrastructure

Military Bases & Installations

0.7% shared · 32 families in both

United States

Germany

South Korea

United Kingdom

Japan

353

218

111

100

84

Information & Influence

Sports & Major Events

0.7% shared · 143 families in both

United States

Japan

China

South Korea

Taiwan

4,602

2,533

2,150

1,982

1,001

Crosswalk

How Occupational Skills & Certification is matched to the patent classifications. The entries below were chosen for it; each stands for itself and everything beneath it in the scheme, 59 Cooperative entries in all. A patent family counts when any of its codes, in either scheme and at any office, falls under one of them. Codes since retired are placed under the entries that replaced them.

EntryTitle in the schemeWhy it is chosenCPC codesIPC codesDocuments
G09B9/00Simulators for teaching or training purposesTraining simulators, such as vehicle and flight simulators513496,302
G09B19/16Control of vehicles or other craftTeaching control of vehicles or other craft414,676
G09B19/24Use of toolsTeaching the use of tools114,879
G09B19/18Book-keeping or economicsTeaching book-keeping or economics113,617
G09B25/02Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of industrial processes; of machineryDemonstration models of industrial processes and machinery2119,301

CPC and IPC codes are the codes in use on patent documents, at any office, that fall under the entry. Documents is the larger of the two schemes' counts of documents carrying one of them. An entry with no IPC codes can be told apart only in the Cooperative scheme.

The Cooperative codes in use that count towards Occupational Skills & Certification: 59 codes on 81,401 documents. The full crosswalk is in the cpc-to-capability.csv download.

CodeTitleUnder entryHow placedDocuments
G09B9/00Simulators for teaching or training purposesG09B9/00In the scheme23,027
G09B25/02Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of industrial processes; of machineryG09B25/02In the scheme7,027
G09B19/24Use of toolsG09B19/24In the scheme4,879
G09B9/04Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of land vehiclesG09B9/00In the scheme4,653
G09B9/003Simulators for teaching or training purposes for military purposes and tacticsG09B9/00In the scheme3,453
G09B9/08Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainerG09B9/00In the scheme3,185
G09B19/167Control of land vehiclesG09B19/16In the scheme2,959
G09B9/05Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of land vehicles the view from a vehicle being simulatedG09B9/00In the scheme2,795
G09B9/12Motion systems for aircraft simulatorsG09B9/00In the scheme2,341
G09B9/02Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craftG09B9/00In the scheme2,226
G09B9/052Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of land vehicles characterised by provision for recording or measuring trainee's performanceG09B9/00In the scheme1,689
G09B9/042Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of land vehicles providing simulation in a real vehicleG09B9/00In the scheme1,683
G09B19/18Book-keeping or economicsG09B19/18In the scheme1,426
G09B9/14Motion systems for aircraft simulators controlled by fluid actuated piston or cylinder ramG09B9/00In the scheme1,058
G09B9/302Simulation of view from aircraft by computer-processed or -generated image the image being transformed by computer processing, e.g. updating the image to correspond to the changing point of viewG09B9/00In the scheme955
G09B9/301Simulation of view from aircraft by computer-processed or -generated imageG09B9/00In the scheme900
G09B9/28Simulation of stick forces or the likeG09B9/00In the scheme848
G09B9/307Simulation of view from aircraft by helmet-mounted projector or displayG09B9/00In the scheme847
G09B9/32Simulation of view from aircraft by projected imageG09B9/00In the scheme843
G09B19/16Control of vehicles or other craftG09B19/16In the scheme825
G09B19/165Control of aircraftG09B19/16In the scheme770
G09B9/06Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of ships, boats, or other waterborne vehiclesG09B9/00In the scheme767
G09B9/30Simulation of view from aircraftG09B9/00In the scheme713
G09B9/006Simulators for teaching or training purposes for locating or ranging of objectsG09B9/00In the scheme704
G09B9/16Ambient or aircraft conditions simulated or indicated by instrument or alarmG09B9/00In the scheme667
G09B9/326Simulation of view from aircraft by projected image the image being transformed by optical meansG09B9/00In the scheme664
G09B9/46Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer the aircraft being a helicopterG09B9/00In the scheme655
G09B9/54Simulation of radarG09B9/00In the scheme650
G09B9/058Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of land vehicles for teaching control of cycles or motorcyclesG09B9/00In the scheme647
G09B9/063Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of ships, boats, or other waterborne vehicles by using visual displaysG09B9/00In the scheme609
G09B9/048Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of land vehicles a model being viewed and manoeuvred from a remote pointG09B9/00In the scheme567
G09B9/085Special purpose teaching, e.g. alighting on water, aerial photographyG09B9/00In the scheme563
G09B9/24Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer including display or recording of simulated flight pathG09B9/00In the scheme548
G09B9/165Condition of cabin, cockpit or pilot's accessoriesG09B9/00In the scheme525
G09B25/025Models for purposes not provided for in G09B23/00, e.g. full-sized devices for demonstration purposes of industrial processes; of machinery hydraulic; pneumaticG09B25/02In the scheme523
G09B9/10Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer with simulated flight- or engine-generated force being applied to aircraft occupantG09B9/00In the scheme493
G09B9/48Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer a model being viewed and manoeuvred from a remote pointG09B9/00In the scheme321
G09B9/52Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of an outer space vehicleG09B9/00In the scheme314
G09B9/066Sailing; SurfingG09B9/00In the scheme301
G09B9/40Simulation of airborne radarG09B9/00In the scheme273
G09B9/206Simulation or indication of aircraft attitude for in-flight conditionG09B9/00In the scheme241
G09B9/44Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer providing simulation in a real aircraft flying through the atmosphere without restriction of its pathG09B9/00In the scheme235
G09B9/20Simulation or indication of aircraft attitudeG09B9/00In the scheme223
G09B9/26Simulation of radio-navigationG09B9/00In the scheme210
G09B9/22Simulators for teaching or training purposes for teaching control of vehicles or other craft for teaching control of aircraft, e.g. Link trainer including aircraft sound simulationG09B9/00In the scheme205
G09B9/305Simulation of view from aircraft by viewing with a camera a small-scale model of the terrainG09B9/00In the scheme168
G09B9/36Simulation of night or reduced visibility flightG09B9/00In the scheme163
G09B9/18Condition of engine or fuel supplyG09B9/00In the scheme151
G09B9/56Simulation of sonarG09B9/00In the scheme125
G09B19/162Control of ships, boats, or other waterborne vehiclesG09B19/16In the scheme122
G09B9/42Aircraft, aircraft simulator or means connected thereto, travelling on the ground or water during simulated flight trainingG09B9/00In the scheme116
G09B9/308Simulation of view from aircraft by LCD, gas plasma display or electroluminescent displayG09B9/00In the scheme110
G09B9/34Simulation of view from aircraft by cathode-ray screen displayG09B9/00In the scheme105
G09B9/203Simulation or indication of aircraft attitude for taking-off or landing conditionG09B9/00In the scheme97
G09B9/304Simulation of view from aircraft by using a filmG09B9/00In the scheme69
G09B9/245Simulation of compasses, gyroscopesG09B9/00In the scheme61
G09B9/50Automatically directing the course of the aircraftG09B9/00In the scheme50
G09B9/323Simulation of view from aircraft by projected image the projection screen being made of LCD panelsG09B9/00In the scheme37
G09B9/38Simulation of runway outlining or approach lightsG09B9/00In the scheme20
Match: Through its tools
The classification names the equipment or technology the capability draws on, not the capability. The count says how much is being invented for it, not how well it is done. Captures simulators and trade-training appliances, including military and aviation simulators; certification and credentials are not captured. The crosswalk is a first pass that nobody has reviewed.

Other capabilities in Technical & Vocational Skills

  • Work-Based Learning